Civil liability for abandonment of adoption in the context of public policies to protect the right to family life of children and adolescents: comparative legal analysis of judgments in brazilian courts (2013-2023)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12957/rqi.2025.80518Keywords:
Adoption, Withdrawal, National courts, Public policy, Legal ProtectionAbstract
Although not explicitly provided for in the law, the withdrawal of adoption can sometimes result in the adopters being sentenced to civil compensation, especially in cases of psychological damage to the child or adolescent. In this sense, through a hypothetical-deductive approach, combining bibliographical review and documentary analysis, this research analyzes the application of legal hermeneutics in judgments of Courts of Justice in five regions of Brazil, between the years 2013 and 2023, related to the withdrawal of adoption and the implications of civil liability, using as keywords "withdrawal of adoption", "desadoption" and "revocation of adoption". It was possible to identify that, although civil liability is a consolidated issue in doctrine and jurisprudence for cases of abandonment of adoption, this issue is not common in national courts. Furthermore, the courts do not present uniformity in the treatment of expressions related to the abandonment of adoption, which may raise concerns regarding the protection of the fundamental rights of children and adolescents. Paradoxically, there is a tendency to maintain the irrevocability of adoption. The research suggests the need for public policies and effective monitoring in the adoption process to minimize the risk of dropout and ensure stable family life.
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