La justicia transicional: ¿la renuncia de lo irrenunciable? / Transitional justice: the renounce of the can not give?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12957/rqi.2017.25941Palavras-chave:
justicia transicional, memoria, olvido, perdón, conciliaciónResumo
Trabalho enviado em 09 de outubro de 2016. Aceito em 05 de janeiro de 2017.
DOI: 10.12957/rqi.2017.25941
Resumén
La justicia transicional no suele gozar de aceptación por parte de las víctimas de violaciones sistemáticas de derechos humanos porque suelen asimilarla a impunidad o a penas simbólicas por parte de los victimarios. Por ello, se resisten a renunciar a lo irrenunciable, como es la justicia. El derecho a la reparación integral implica que los juicios se ejercen con control democrático y que nadie está por encima de la ley. En este procesos de paz sean transparentes y con control democrático. En este estudio se analizará el concepto, fases y principios de la justicia transicional. Estos planteamientos permitirán hacer una relectura de los diversos procesos de justicia transicional. Se prestará especial atención al proceso de paz en Brasil y al análisis del Acuerdo de paz en Colombia –que acaba ser rechazado por los ciudadanos colombianos en referéndum-. Este trabajo pretende dar respuesta al reto de buscar un equilibro entre el derecho a la verdad (historia – memoria, con el consiguiente derecho a saber sobre las personas asesinadas o desparecidas) y el perdón y la conciliación. El derecho a la justicia se erige con la piedra angular de estos procesos. No puede haber paz si se sacrifica la justicia.
Palabras llave: Justicia Transicional; Memoria; Olvido; Perdón; Conciliación
Abstract
Transitional justice is not usually enjoy acceptance by victims of systematic human rights violations because they tend to assimilate or impunity symbolic penalties by the perpetrators. Therefore, they resist giving up what indispensable, as is justice. The right to full compensation implies that judgments are exercised with democratic control and that no one is above the law. In this peace processes are transparent and democratic control. In this study the concept, phases and principles of transitional justice will be analyzed. Such approaches allow to reread the various processes of transitional justice. special attention to the peace process in Brazil and the analysis of the peace agreement in Colombia which has just being rejected by Colombian citizens in referendum will be provided. This work aims to answer the challenge of finding a balance between the right to the truth (history - memory, with the right to know about those killed or made to disappear accordingly) and forgiveness and reconciliation. The right to justice stands with the cornerstone of these processes. There can not be peace if justice is sacrificed.
Keywords: Transitional Justice; Memory; Forgetting; Forgiveness; Reconciliation
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