Autocuidado como estrategia de manejo de los síntomas en personas con insuficiencia cardíaca

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.12957/reuerj.2025.89629

Palabras clave:

Insuficiencia cardíaca, signos y síntomas, autocuidado, enfermería

Resumen

Objetivo: evaluar las estrategias adoptadas para el manejo de síntomas en personas con insuficiencia cardíaca. Método: estudio descriptivo, cualitativo-cuantitativo, realizado en un Hospital Universitario en Paraná, con personas con insuficiencia cardíaca, con instrumento de datos sociodemográficos y clínicos, entrevista abierta y la European Heart Failure Self-Care Behavior Scale. Datos analizados por análisis de contenido y estadística descriptiva. Resultados: los 81 participantes presentaron promedio de 32,8(+6,4) puntos en la escala. Las prácticas más frecuentes fueron reposo, adherencia al tratamiento farmacológico y descanso ante la aparición de disnea. Emergieron cinco categorías temáticas: cumplimiento de prescripción médica y búsqueda de atención sanitaria; automedicación; reposo y espera de la mejoría; uso de terapias complementarias; y adopción de hábitos saludables, con mayor adherencia a los comportamientos de autocuidado. Conclusión: las principales estrategias empleadas para el manejo de los síntomas fueron cumplimiento de la prescripción médica, búsqueda de atención sanitaria, automedicación, reposo y espera de la mejoría de los síntomas, uso de terapias complementarias y adopción y mantenimiento de hábitos saludables.

Biografía del autor/a

Letícia Katiane Martins, Universidade Federal do Paraná

Enfermera. Magíster en Enfermería. Universidade Federal do Paraná. Curitiba, PR, Brasil.

Nen Nalú Alves das Mercês, Universidade Federal do Paraná

Enfermera. Doctora en Enfermería. Profesora asociada del Programa de Posgrado en Enfermería de la Universidade Federal do Paraná. Curitiba, PR, Brasil.

Ariana Rodrigues da Silva Carvalho, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná

Enfermera. Doctora en Enfermería. Profesora asociada del Programa de Posgrado en Biociencias y Salud de la Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná. Cascavel, PR, Brasil.

Shirley Boller, Universidade Federal do Paraná

Enfermera. Doctora en Enfermería. Profesora adjunta de la Universidade Federal do Paraná. Curitiba, PR, Brasil.

Maria de Fátima Mantovani, Universidade Federal do Paraná

Enfermera. Doctora en Enfermería. Profesora asociada de la Universidade Federal do Paraná. Curitiba, PR, Brasil.

Rafael Castilhos da Silva Padilha, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná

Enfermero. Especialista en Enfermería en Unidad de Terapia Intensiva Adulto. Hospital Universitário do Oeste do Paraná. Cascavel, PR, Brasil.

Citas

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Publicado

2025-12-17

Cómo citar

1.
Martins LK, Mercês NNA das, Carvalho AR da S, Boller S, Mantovani M de F, Padilha RC da S. Autocuidado como estrategia de manejo de los síntomas en personas con insuficiencia cardíaca. Rev. enferm. UERJ [Internet]. 17 de diciembre de 2025 [citado 20 de abril de 2026];33(1):e89629. Disponible en: https://www.e-publicacoes.uerj.br/enfermagemuerj/article/view/89629

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