Instrumentos para a avaliação do nível de consciência em adultos e idosos: revisão integrativa [Instruments for assessing level of consciousness in adults and the elderly: integrative review] [Instrumentos para evaluar el nivel de conciencia en adultos y ancianos: revisión integradora]
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12957/reuerj.2021.57053Keywords:
Estado de consciência, Pacientes, Adulto, Idoso, Questionários.Abstract
Objetivo: identificar na literatura evidências científicas sobre os instrumentos que avaliam o nível de consciência de pacientes adultos e idosos. Método: revisão integrativa de literatura, realizada em fevereiro de 2020, com artigos publicados entre 2010 e 2020, nas fontes de informação: LILACS, CINAHL, PubMed®/Medline, Web of Science, EBSCO e Scopus. Adotou-se o aplicativo Rayyan para a seleção dos estudos. Resultados: identificaram-se 884 artigos, destes, 19 atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Foram identificadas oito escalas de avaliação. A maioria delas avalia os itens: abertura ocular, resposta motora, resposta verbal, padrão respiratório e reflexos tronco encefálicos. A escala Coma Recovery Scale-Revised foi a mais utilizada e a escala Full Outline of Unresponsiveness, considerada a mais completa para avaliar a consciência. Conclusão: verificou-se que as escalas possuem semelhança em seus domínios e mecanismos de avaliação e são confiáveis e efetivas para mensurar o nível de consciência de adultos e idosos.
ABSTRACT
Objective: to identify, in the literature, scientific evidence on the instruments that assess level of consciousness in adult and elderly patients. Method: this integrative literature review was carried out in February 2020, with articles published between 2010 and 2020, in the information sources: LILACS, CINAHL, PubMed®/Medline, Web of Science, EBSCO and Scopus. Studies were selected using the application Rayyan. Results: 884 articles were identified, of which 19 met the inclusion criteria. Eight rating scales were identified, most evaluating the items: eye opening, motor response, verbal response, breathing pattern and brainstem reflexes. The Coma Recovery Scale-Revised was the most used and the Full Outline of Unresponsiveness scale was considered the most complete to assess awareness. Conclusion: the scales were found to share similar domains and evaluation mechanisms and to be reliable and effective for measuring level of consciousness in adults and the elderly.
RESUMEN
Objetivo: identificar en la literatura evidencia científica sobre los instrumentos que evalúan el nivel de conciencia de pacientes adultos y ancianos. Método: revisión integradora de la literatura, realizada en febrero de 2020, con artículos publicados entre 2010 y 2020, en las fuentes de información: PubMed®/Medline, LILACS, CINAHL, Web of Science, EBSCO y Scopus. Se adoptó la aplicación Rayyan para seleccionar los estudios. Resultados: Se identificaron 884 artículos, de los cuales 19 cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Se identificaron ocho escalas de calificación. La mayoría de ellos evalúa los ítems: apertura ocular, respuesta motora, respuesta verbal, patrón de respiración y reflejos del tronco encefálico. La escala Coma Recovery Scale-Revised fue la más utilizada y la escala Full Outline of Unresponsiveness fue considerada la más completa para evaluar la conciencia. Conclusión: se verificó que las escalas tienen similitudes en sus dominios y mecanismos de evaluación y son confiables y efectivas para medir el nivel de conciencia de adultos y ancianos.
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