Experiência da família no manejo da criança com anemia falciforme: implicações para o cuidado [Families’ experience in managing children with sickle cell anemia: implications for care] [Experiencia de la familia en el manejo del niño con anemia falciforme: implicaciones para la atención]
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12957/reuerj.2020.51594Keywords:
Doença Crônica, Anemia Falciforme, Criança, Família, Enfermagem pediátrica.Abstract
Objetivo: compreender a experiência da família no manejo da criança com anemia falciforme. Método: estudo qualitativo desenvolvido com 14 famílias de crianças com anemia falciforme, mediante entrevistas semiestruturadas abordando o manejo, as experiências e os enfrentamentos vivenciados do diagnóstico ao adoecimento. Utilizou-se como técnica a narrativa e como referencial teórico o Interacionismo Simbólico. Resultados: a experiência da família revela que ela permanece em constante vigilância e proteção, tendo de enfrentar desafios a partir do diagnóstico da anemia falciforme na criança. O desconhecimento dos profissionais sobre a doença, as lacunas na rede de atenção à saúde e a falta de informação sobre a doença marcam o itinerário, impondo a redefinição na dinâmica familiar. Conclusão: serviços de saúde e profissionais devem ser capacitados para atender as necessidades e demandas da criança com anemia falciforme e de sua família, bem como fornecer informações que as fortaleça.
ABSTRACT
Objective: to understand families’ experience in managing children with sickle cell anemia. Method: this qualitative study of 14 families of children with sickle cell anemia was conducted by semi-structured interviews addressing the families’ management, experiences and coping from diagnosis to illness. The narrative technique was used and Symbolic Interactionism gave the theoretical framework. Results: the families’ experiences revealed that they are constantly vigilant and protective, and have to face challenges from the moment their children are diagnosed with sickle cell anemia. Their progress was hindered by health personnel’s lack of knowledge about the disease, lacunae in the health care system, and a lack of information about the disease, which imposed a reworking of family dynamics. Conclusion: health services and personnel must be trained to meet the needs and demands of children with sickle cell anemia and their families, and to provide information to strengthen them.
RESUMEN
Objetivo: comprender la experiencia de las familias en el manejo de niños con anemia de células falciformes. Método: este estudio cualitativo de 14 familias de niños con anemia falciforme se realizó mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas que abordaron el manejo, las experiencias y el afrontamiento de las familias desde el diagnóstico hasta la enfermedad. Se utilizó la técnica narrativa y el Interaccionismo Simbólico dio el marco teórico. Resultados: las experiencias de las familias revelaron que están constantemente vigilantes y protectoras, y deben enfrentar desafíos desde el momento en que a sus hijos se les diagnostica anemia falciforme. Su avance se vio obstaculizado por el desconocimiento del personal de salud sobre la enfermedad, las lagunas en el sistema de salud y la falta de información sobre la enfermedad, lo que impuso una reelaboración de la dinámica familiar. Conclusión: los servicios y el personal de salud deben estar capacitados para atender las necesidades y demandas de los niños con anemia falciforme y sus familias, y brindar información para fortalecerlos.
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