Atividades de autocuidado em pacientes com Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2: estudo transversal [Self-care activities in patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: a cross-sectional study] [Actividades de autocuidado en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2: estudio transversal]
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12957/reuerj.2020.52728Keywords:
Doença crônica, Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2, Autocuidado, Enfermagem.Abstract
Objetivo: avaliar as atividades de autocuidado em pacientes com Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2. Método: estudo transversal que incluiu 40 pacientes. Aplicou-se 2 instrumentos para coleta de dados: questionário sociodemográfico e questionário de atividades de autocuidado com o diabetes, aplicados entre janeiro e março de 2020. Resultados: a menor pontuação foi para o item “Realizar exercício físico específico (nadar, caminhar, etc)”, com média 0,6 (DP=1,54) dias por semana, e a maior para o item “Tomar medicamentos conforme recomendados (insulina ou comprimidos)” com média 5,1 (DP=2,74) dias por semana. Quanto ao tabagismo, 92,5% referiram não ter fumado cigarro nos últimos sete dias. Conclusão: as atividades de autocuidado prevalentes relacionaram-se as intervenções farmacológicas, enquanto os cuidados não farmacológicos, incluindo a alimentação e realização de exercícios físicos, foram menos frequentes.
ABSTRACT
Objective: to evaluate self-care activities in patients with type-2 Diabetes Mellitus. Method: this cross-sectional study included 40 patients. Two instruments – a sociodemographic questionnaire and a questionnaire on diabetes self-care activities – were applied between January and March 2020. Results: the item “Perform specific physical exercise (swimming, walking, etc.)” scored lowest, averaging 0.6 (SD = 1.54) days a week, and “Taking medications as recommended (insulin or pills)” scored highest, with mean 5.1 (SD = 2.74) days a week. 92.5% reported not having smoked cigarettes in the prior seven days. Conclusion: self-care activities relating to pharmacological interventions predominated, while non-pharmacological care, including food and physical exercise, was less frequent.
RESUMEN
Objetivo: evaluar las actividades de autocuidado en pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2. Método: este estudio transversal incluyó a 40 pacientes. Se aplicaron dos instrumentos, un cuestionario sociodemográfico y un cuestionario sobre actividades de autocuidado de la diabetes, entre enero y marzo de 2020. Resultados: el ítem “Realizar ejercicio físico específico (nadar, caminar, etc.)” obtuvo la puntuación más baja, con una media de 0,6 (DE = 1,54) días a la semana, y “Tomar los medicamentos según lo recomendado (insulina o píldoras)” obtuvo la puntuación más alta, con una media de 5,1 (DE = 2,74) días a la semana. El 92,5% informó no haber fumado cigarrillos en los siete días anteriores. Conclusión: predominaron las actividades de autocuidado relacionadas con las intervenciones farmacológicas, mientras que la atención no farmacológica, incluida la alimentación y el ejercicio físico, fue menos frecuente.
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