Social representations of biosecurity in the context of HIV / AIDS: contributions to workers’ health [Representações sociais da biossegurança no contexto do HIV/AIDS: contribuições para a saúde do trabalhador] [Representaciones sociales de bioseguridad en el contexto del VIH / SIDA: contribuciones a la salud del trabajador]
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12957/reuerj.2018.21211Keywords:
Occupational health nursing, containment of biohazards, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, nursing.Abstract
Objective: to analyze the social representations of biosecurity for nurses who work with HIV-positive patients. Method: qualitative and exploratory research, based on social representations theory, held in eight health institutions, with 19 nurses, in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Data were obtained through interviews and analyzed with the ALCESTE 4.10 software. The project was submitted and approved by Research Ethics Committee. Results: two themes emerged from the analysis: the development of biosafety in HIV/AIDS in personal life and, biosecurity in HIV/AIDS and performing nursing care. It was identified that self-protection is one of the key elements that constitute the nurses‘ social representation of biosafety, assuming the facets of self-protection in professional and personal life. The use of gloves is featured as the main caution measure at work. Conclusion: stands out the influence of the social representation of HIV/AIDS in the self-protection actions carried out by these nurses.
RESUMO
Objetivo: analisar as representações sociais de biossegurança construídas pelos enfermeiros que atuam com pacientes soropositivos ao HIV. Método: pesquisa qualitativa, exploratória, fundamentada na teoria das representações sociais, realizada em oito instituições de saúde, no município do Rio de Janeiro, através de entrevista com 19 enfermeiras. Os dados foram analisados com o software ALCESTE 4.10. O projeto foi submetido e aprovado por Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Resultados: foram construídas duas temáticas: o desenvolvimento da biossegurança em HIV/AIDS na vida pessoal; e a biossegurança em HIV/AIDS e a execução do cuidado de enfermagem. Identificou-se que a autoproteção é um dos elementos fundamentais constitutivos da representação social das enfermeiras sobre biossegurança, assumindo as facetas de autoproteção na vida profissional e na vida pessoal. O uso de luvas de procedimento é caracterizado como a principal medida de precaução no trabalho. Conclusão: destaca-se a influência exercida pela representação social do HIV/AIDS nas ações de autoproteção desenvolvidas pelas enfermeiras.
RESUMEN
Objetivo: analizar las representaciones sociales de la bioseguridad construida por enfermeras que trabajan con pacientes VIH-positivo. Método: investigación cualitativa, exploratoria, basada en la teoría de las representaciones sociales, realizada en ocho instituciones de salud, con 19 enfermeras, en el municipio de Río de Janeiro. Los datos fueron recogidos a través de entrevistas y analizados con el software ALCESTE 4.10. El proyecto fue sometido y aprobado en Comité de Ética en Investigación. Resultados: los dos temas surgidos del análisis, fueran: el desarrollo de la bioseguridad en VIH/SIDA en la vida personal y, la bioseguridad en VIH/SIDA y realizar el cuidado de enfermería. Se identificó que autoprotección es uno de los elementos fundamentales que constituyen la representación social de las enfermeras sobre bioseguridad, suponiendo dos facetas: la autoprotección en la vida profesional y vida personal. El uso de guantes es destacado como la principal medida de precaución en el trabajo. Conclusión: se destaca la influencia ejercida por la representación social de las acciones de autoprotección del VIH/SIDA realizado por estas enfermeras.
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