Caracterização sociodemográfica e hábitos de vida de acadêmicos: identificando fatores de risco para hipertensão arterial [Socio-demographic profile and living habits of undergraduate students: risk factors for hypertension]
Keywords:
Enfermagem, hipertensão, fatores de risco, estudantes universitários [Nursing, hypertension, risk factors, undergraduate students] [Enfermería, hipertensión, factores de riesgo, estudiantes del pregrado]Abstract
A hipertensão arterial é uma doença de natureza multissistêmica que vem atingindo grande parte da população mundial, na qual se encontram adultos cada vez mais jovens. Objetivou-se descrever as características sociodemográficas e os hábitos de vida de acadêmicos de uma universidade pública do nordeste do Brasil. Estudo descritivo, transversal e quantitativo, realizado em 240 acadêmicos de diversos cursos no período de março a abril de 2011. Observou-se predominância de mulheres, com idade entre 18 e 29 anos, de cor parda, com elevado consumo de frituras e sal, sedentários, com padrão de sono preservado. Conclui-se que diversos fatores contribuem para alterar os níveis pressóricos desses jovens, portanto, a enfermagem deve utilizar os dados sociodemográficos e de hábitos de vida para intervir eficazmente sobre a população adulta jovem, incidindo suas ações sobre os fatores de risco para hipertensão e complicações associadas.
ABSTRACT
Hypertension is a multi-systemic disease affecting a large part of the world’s population, and increasingly young adults. This quantitative, cross-sectional study described the socio-demographic characteristics and living habits of 240 undergraduate students on several different coursesat a public university in northeast Brazil from March to April 2011. The participants were predominantly women, from 18 to 29 years old, ‘brown’ skinned, reporting high intake of fried foods and salt, with sedentary habitsand unimpaired sleep patterns. It was concluded that, as several factors contribute to altering these young people’s blood pressure levels, nursing should use socio-demographic and living habitdata in order to intervene effectively in the young adult population, focusing action directly on the risk factors for hypertension and associated complications.
RESUMEN
La hipertensión es una enfermedad multisistémica que ha llegado a gran parte de la población mundial, donde hay más jóvenes adultos. El objetivo fue describir las características sociodemográficas y los hábitos de vida de estudiantes de una universidad pública del nordeste de Brasil. Estudio descriptivo transversal, cuantitativo, se aplicó un cuestionario a 240 estudiantes de diversos cursos en el período de marzo a abril de 2011. Se observó predominio de mujeres, con edad entre 18 y 29 años, pardas, con alto consumo de alimentos fritos y con sal, sedentarias, con patrón de sueño conservado. Se concluye que varios factores contribuyen para los cambios de los niveles de presión arterial de estos jóvenes, por lo tanto, la enfermería debe utilizarse de datos sociodemográficas y de hábitos de vida para intervenir eficazmente en la población adulta joven, centrando sus acciones en los factores de riesgo para la hipertensión y las complicaciones asociadas.
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