justice without agents of justice: a critique of adultcentric and aporophobic narratives in liberal theories of justice

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.12957/childphilo.2025.89030

Palavras-chave:

adultocentrismo, aporofobia, teorias liberais da justiça, infancismo, ontologia pluriversal, agências relacionais

Resumo

Nas últimas décadas, a filosofia política expandiu sua análise sobre a infância e a pobreza como categorias críticas. No entanto, persiste uma lacuna teórica na investigação de como as teorias liberais da justiça — hegemônicas na formulação de políticas públicas e nos marcos normativos globais — reproduzem narrativas adultocêntricas (centradas na adultez como norma) e aporofóbicas (marcadas pela rejeição às pessoas empobrecidas). Essas narrativas estão ancoradas em pressupostos epistêmicos do liberalismo, como a vinculação entre autonomia política e adultez, e a racionalidade instrumental, que funcionam como estruturas simbólicas para naturalizar a marginalização daqueles que não correspondem a tais padrões, particularmente as crianças e, de forma ainda mais acentuada, aquelas que vivem em situação de pobreza. Ao reduzir esses sujeitos a meros receptores passivos de assistência, as teorias liberais não apenas negam sua agência política, mas também reforçam uma dupla estrutura de opressão: o adultocentrismo, que torna as crianças invisíveis como interlocutoras legítimas na esfera pública, e a aporofobia, que estigmatiza a pobreza enquanto sinônimo de desumanização, reduzindo os indivíduos a sujeitos tutelados. Essa lógica constrói, de forma interseccional, a figura do “outro inferiorizado”: crianças empobrecidas, excluídas por sua idade e condição socioeconômica, transformadas em “los nadies” — sem voz nem poder político. Diante dessa realidade, o artigo demonstra como o adultocentrismo e a aporofobia se entrelaçam nas teorias liberais da justiça, perpetuando exclusões que este estudo busca desconstruir. Como resposta, propõe-se o childism (infancismo) enquanto marco analítico ético-político que desnaturaliza hierarquias etárias e reconhece as crianças como sujeitos de direito com capacidade de agência política. Embora o childism tenha recebido diversas interpretações no meio acadêmico, aqui se prioriza uma perspectiva voltada especificamente para crianças em situação de pobreza, cujas realidades revelam a intersecção entre opressões sistêmicas e marginalização socioeconômica. Superar essas opressões requer politizar sua agência, entendendo que essas crianças não são meramente vulneráveis, mas atores que exercem poder por meio de práticas cotidianas de resistência, organização comunitária e reivindicações por participação. Isso exige uma mudança ontológica e epistemológica que valorize as agências relacionais — coletivas e situadas — e redefina a justiça a partir de lógicas não adultocêntricas. O artigo conclui com a proposta de desmantelar as narrativas adultocêntricas e aporofóbicas a partir de uma perspectiva childista, integrando uma abordagem enraizada na interdependência profunda e no pluriverso. Ao rejeitar a autonomia como atributo individualista e compreendê-la como prática relacional, emergem novos caminhos para a construção de sistemas de justiça que não apenas incluam as crianças, mas sejam codesenhados por elas. Assim, a justiça intergeracional não pode se fundar em ficções de autossuficiência, mas deve basear-se no reconhecimento explícito de uma interdependência radical que entrelaça responsabilidades coletivas.

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Biografia do Autor

Pedro Hernando Maldonado Castañeda, Universitat de Barcelona

Colombian philosopher, holds a PhD in Citizenship and Human Rights from the University of Barcelona. His research lies at the intersection of political philosophy, decolonial thought, and childhood studies.

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Publicado

2025-05-27

Como Citar

MALDONADO CASTAÑEDA, Pedro Hernando. justice without agents of justice: a critique of adultcentric and aporophobic narratives in liberal theories of justice. childhood & philosophy, Rio de Janeiro, v. 21, p. 01–33, 2025. DOI: 10.12957/childphilo.2025.89030. Disponível em: https://www.e-publicacoes.uerj.br/childhood/article/view/89030. Acesso em: 28 maio. 2025.

Edição

Seção

dossier: “philosophy with children across boundaries”