Effects of supervised physical training on anxiety, stress and depression after Covid-19
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12957/reuerj.2024.78988Keywords:
COVID-19, Anxiety, Stress, Depression, ExerciseAbstract
Objective: to assess anxiety, stress and depression before and after physical training in people affected by Covid-19. Method: a quasi-experimental study carried out in Goiania with patients who had moderate to severe Covid-19 after hospitalization. Anxiety, stress and depression were investigated using the DASS-21. The participants underwent eighteen physical training sessions, three times a week, consisting of aerobic, resistance and flexibility exercises. The Shapiro Wilk test was used for distribution and the paired t-test and Wilcoxon test with a significance level of p<0.05 were used for comparisons. Results: seventeen individuals took part, aged 55.59 (±5.20) years, predominantly women (64.7%), an average of seventeen days in hospital, the majority obese (52.9%) with some illness prior to Covid-19 (76.5%). There was a reduction in anxiety (median from 9.0 to 2.0 [p=0.001]), stress from 10.0 to 2.0 (p=0.001) and depression from 6.0 to 2.0 (p<0.001) after physical training. Conclusion: physical training was effective in improving anxiety, stress and depression after eighteen sessions.
References
Ahmad I, Rathore FA. Neurological manifestations and complications of Covid-19: a literature review. J Clin Neurosci. 2020 [cited 2023 Apr 13]; 77:8-12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jocn.2020.05.017.
Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, Zhang L, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020 [cited 2023 Mar 03]; 395(10223):497. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30183-5.
Rebollar LAC, Echávarri EAI, López LFA, Ochoa FJA, Melchor VSH. Comportamiento Tomográfico de la neumonía causada por SARS-COV2. Gac. Med. Méx. 2020 [cited 2023 Apr 18]; 156:396-40. Available from: https://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S0016-38132020000500396&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=es.
Shah W, Heightman M, O’brien S. UK guidelines for managing long-term effects of Covid-19. Lancet. 2021 [cited 2023 May 05]; 397(10286):1706. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00847-3.
Desforges M, Coupanec AL, Dubeau P, Bourgouin A, Lajoie L, Dubé M, et al. Human coronaviruses and other respiratory viruses: underestimated opportunistic pathogens of the central nervous system? Viruses. 2020 [cited 2023 Apr 18]; 12(1):14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fv12010014.
Mehta P, Mcauley DF, Browm M, Sanchez E, Tattersal RS, Manson JJ. Covid-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression. Lancet. 2020 [cited 2023 Mar 03]; 395:1033–4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30628-0.
Raony I, Figueiredo CS, Pandolfo P, Araujo EG, Bomfin POS, Savino W. Psycho-neuroendocrine-immune interactions in Covid-19: potential impacts on mental health. Front Immunol. 2020 [cited 2023 Apr 13]; 11:1170. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.01170.
Li S, Wang Y, Xue J, Zhao N, Zhu T. The impact of covid-19 epidemic declaration on psychological consequences: a study on active weibo users. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 [cited 2023 May 05]; 17(6):2032. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17062032.
Peixoto EM. Exercício Físico: Compreendendo as Razões para Prática e seus Desfechos Psicológicos Positivos. Aval Psicol. 2021 [cited 2023 May 07]; 20(1):52-60. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15689/ap.2021.2001.18940.06.
Umeda IIK. Manual de Fisioterapia na Reabilitação Cardiovascular. 2ed. – Barueri, SP: Manole, Cap.1- pgs 24-28, 2014.
Lovibond SH, Lovivond PF. Manual for the depression anxiety stress scales. 4. ed. Sydney: N.S.W.: Psychology Foundation of Australia, 2004.
Martins BG, Silva WR, Maroco J, Campos JADB. Escala de Depressão, Ansiedade e Estresse: propriedades psicométricas e prevalência das afetividades em universitários. J. bras. Psiquiatr. 2019 [cited 2023 Mar 11]; 68(1):32-41. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/0047-2085000000222.
Vignola RCB, Tucci AM. Escala de Depressão, Ansiedade e Estresse (DASS): adaptação e validação para o português do brasil [Dissertação de Mestrado]. 2013 [cited 2023 Mar 11], Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP). Available from: https://repositorio.unifesp.br/items/89ab7501-a48a-457c-84d5-310d3ea0af20.
Xiong Q, Xu M, Li J, Liu Y, Zhang J, Xu Y, Dong W. Clinical sequelae of Covid-19 survivors in Wuhan, China: a single-centre longitudinal study. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2021 [cited 2023 May 14]. 27(1):89-95. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2020.09.023.
Xie Y, Xu E, Al-Aly Z. Risks of mental health outcomes in people with Covid-19: cohort study. BMJ. 2022 [cited 2023 May 16]; 376:e068993. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2021-068993.
Bo HX, Li W, Yang Y, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Cheung T, et al. Posttraumatic stress symptoms and attitude toward crisis mental health services among clinically stable patients with Covid-19 in China. Psychol Med. 2020 [cited 2023 May 16]; 51(6):1052-3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291720000999.
Kong X, Zheng K, Tang M, Kong F, Zhou J, Diao L, et al. Prevalence and factors associated with depression and anxiety of hospitalized patients with Covid-19. MedRxiv. 2020 [cited 2023 May 23]; preprint. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.24.20043075.
Oliveira VV, Oliveira LV, Rocha MR et al. Impacts of social isolation on the mental health of the elderly during the pandemic by Covid-19. Braz J Health Review. 2021 [cited 2024 May 08]; 4(1):3718–27. DOI: https://doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv4n1-294.
Zahangi MS, Roknuzzaman M. Depression, anxiety and stress among people infected with Covid-19 in Dhaka and Chittagong cities. Heliyon. 2022 [cited 2023 May 23]; 8(9):e10415. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10415.
Imamura M, Mirisola AR, Ribeiro FQ, De Pretto LR, Alfieri FM, Delgado VR, et al. Rehabilitation of patients after Covid-19 recovery: an experience at the Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Institute and Lucy Montoro Rehabilitation Institute. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2021 [Cited 2023 June 02]; 76:e2804. DOI: https://doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2021/e2804.
Antunes HKM, Santos RF, Cassilhas R, Santos RVT, Bueno OFA, Mello MT. Exercício físico e função cognitiva: uma revisão. Rev Bras Med Esporte. 2006 [cited 2023 June 02]; 12(2):108–14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1517-86922006000200011.
Sallis R, Young DR, Tartof SY, Sallis JF, Sall J, Li Q, et al. Physical inactivity is associated with a higher risk for severe Covid-19 outcomes: a study in 48440 adult patients. Br. J. Sports Med. 2021 [cited 2023 July 01]; 55:1099–05. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2021-104080.
Souza FR, Santos MD, Soares DS, Lima JB, Cardozo GG, Guimarães LSP. et al. Physical Activity Decreases the Prevalence of Covid-19-associated Hospitalization: Brazil EXTRA Study. medRxiv [preprint]. 2020 [cited 2023 June 22]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.14.20212704.
Gleeson M, Bishop NC, Stensel DJ, Lindley MR, Mastana SS, Nimmo MA. The anti-inflammatory effects of exercise: mechanisms and implications for the prevention and treatment of disease. Nat Rev Immunol. 2011 [cited 2023 July 10]; 11(9):607-15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nri3041.
Nieman DC, Wentz LM. The compelling link between physical activity and the body's defense system. J Sport Health Sci. 2019 [cited 2023 July 10]; 8(3):201-17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2018.09.009.
Hodgson AL, Higgins AM, Bailey MJ, Mather AM, Beach L, Bellomo R, et al. The impact of Covid-19 critical illness on new disability, functional outcomes and return to work at 6 months: a prospective cohort study. Crit Care. 2021 [cited 2023 June 08]; 25(1):382. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-021-03794-0.
Castro RT, Castillo LV, Restov XA, Navarro LS, Burgos F, Puppo H, et al. Respiratory function in patients post-infection by Covid-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pulmonology. 2021. [cited 2023 July 12]; 27:328-37. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pulmoe.2020.10.013.
Escosteguy CC, Eleuterio TA, Pereira AGL, Marques MRVE, Brandao AD, Batista JPM. COVID-19: a cross-sectional study of suspected cases admitted to a federal hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and factors associated with hospital death. Epidemiol. Serv. Saude. 2021 [cited 2023 June 02]; 30(1):e2020750. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1679-49742021000100023.
Maciel EL, Jabor P, Júnior EG, Sá TR, Lima RCD, Santos BR, et al. Factors associated with COVID-19 hospital deaths in Espírito Santo, Brazil, 2020. Epidemiol. Serv. Saúde. 2020 [cited 2023 June 08]; 29(4):e2020413. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1679-49742020000400022.
Croda J, Oliveira WK, Frutuoso RL, Mandetta LH, Silva DCB, Sousa JDB. et al. Covid-19 in Brazil: advantages of a socialized unified health system and preparation to contain cases. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2020 [cited 2023 June 15]; 53:20200167. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0167-2020.
Cai Q, Chen F, Wang T, Luo F, Liu X, Wu Q. etl al. Obesity and Covid-19 severity in a designated hospital in Shenzhen, China. Diabetes Care. 2020 [cited 2023, june 23]; 43(7):1392-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-0576.
Kalligeros M, Shehadeh F, Mylona EK, Benitez G, Beckwith CG, Chan AP, Mylonakis E. Association of obesity with disease severity among patients with coronavirus disease 2019. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2020 [cited 2023 June 18]; 28(7):1200–4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.22859.
Palaiodimos L, Kokkinidis DG, Li W, Karamanis D, Ognibene J, Arora S. et al. Severe obesity, increasing age and male sex are independently associated with worse in-hospital outcomes, and higher in-hospital mortality, in a cohort of patients with Covid-19 in the Bronx, New York. Metabolism. 2020 [cited 2023 June 15]; 108:154262. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154262.
Morales-Rodriguez AJ, Balbin-Ramon GJ, Rabaan AA, et al. Genomic Epidemiology and its importance in the study of the Covid-19 pandemic. Infez Med. 2020 [cited 2023 June 10]; 28(2):139-42. Available from: https://infezmed.it/media/journal/Vol_28_2_2020_3.pdf.
Silva BRO, Rodrigues WF, Abadia DGP, Silva DAA, Silva LA, Desiderio CS, et al. Clinical-epidemiology aspect of inpatients with moderate or severe Covid-19 in a brazilian macroregion: disease and countermeasures. Frontiers. 2022 [cited 2023, June 02]; 12:899702. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2022.899702.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Juliana Albuquerque Sampaio, Arêtha de Meira Castro, Érikson Custódio Alcântara, Krislainy de Sousa Corrêa
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
When publishing in Revista Enfermagem UERJ, the authors declare that the work is their exclusive authorship and therefore assume full responsibility for its content.
Authors retain copyright to their article and agree to license their work using a Creative Commons Attribution International Public License (CC BY), thereby accepting the terms and conditions of this license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode.en), which allows material created by the author to be distributed, copied and displayed by third parties. The original work must be cited and present a link to the article available on the website of the journal in which it was published.
The Copyright of the articles published in Revista Enfermagem UERJ belongs to their respective author(s), with the rights of first publication assigned to Revista Enfermagem UERJ, with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons License CC BY, which allows sharing of work with recognition of authorship and initial publication in this journal.
The authors grant Revista Enfermagem UERJ the right of first publication, to identify themselves as the original publisher of the work and grant the magazine a license of non-exclusive rights to use the work in the following ways:
- Sell and/or distribute the work in printed copies and/or electronic format;
- Distribute parts and/or the work as a whole with the aim of promoting the magazine through the internet and other digital and printed media;
- Record and playback work in any format, including digital media.
In line with the journal's policies, each published article will be assigned a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license.
