Determinantes sociais da saúde que impactam a vivência da imigração no Brasil [Social determinants of health that impact the experience of immigration in Brazil] [Determinantes sociales de la salud que impactan la experiencia de la inmigración en Brasil]
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12957/reuerj.2020.53194Keywords:
Enfermagem em Saúde Pública, Determinantes Sociais da Saúde, Emigrantes e Imigrantes, Vulnerabilidade em Saúde.Abstract
Objetivo: compreender as percepções dos imigrantes haitianos sobre os Determinantes Sociais da Saúde que impactam a vivência da imigração. Método: pesquisa qualitativa, do tipo pesquisa ação participante, fundamentada no Itinerário de Pesquisa de Paulo Freire, que constitui três fases: Investigação Temática; Codificação e Descodificação; Desvelamento Crítico. Realizou-se Círculo de Cultura, no segundo semestre de 2019, com a participação de 12 imigrantes haitianos, estudantes universitários, residentes no oeste de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Resultados: nos diálogos emergiram duas temáticas para discussão como determinação social da saúde e doença: saúde do imigrante no Brasil; desafios de estudar e trabalhar. Conclusão: A iniquidade de acesso aos direitos, escasso tempo para dormir e praticar exercícios físicos, saudade do Haiti, dificuldade financeira, adaptação à cultura brasileira e discriminação foram apontados como fatores determinantes que afetam a saúde. Urge a necessidade da construção de políticas públicas que garantam os direitos dos imigrantes no Brasil.
ABSTRACT
Objective: to understand the perceptions of Haitian immigrants about the social determinants of health that impact on the experience of immigration. Method: this qualitative, participant action study was based on Paulo Freire's research itinerary, which consists of three phases: thematic research; encoding and decoding; and critical unveiling. A “culture circle” was held, after ethics committee approval, in the second half of 2019, with the participation of 12 immigrant Haitian university students residing in western Santa Catarina, Brazil. Results: in the dialogues, two themes emerged for discussion as representing the social determination of health and disease: immigrants’ health in Brazil; and challenges of studying and working. Conclusion: inequity in access to rights, lack of time to sleep and exercise, homesickness for Haiti, financial difficulties, adaptation to Brazilian culture, and discrimination were identified as determinant factors that affect health. There is an urgent need to build public policies to guarantee immigrants’ rights in Brazil.
RESUMEN
Objetivo: comprender las percepciones de los inmigrantes haitianos sobre los determinantes sociales de la salud que impactan en la experiencia de la inmigración. Método: este estudio cualitativo de acción participante se basó en el itinerario de investigación de Paulo Freire, que consta de tres fases: investigación temática; codificación y decodificación; y revelación crítica. Se realizó un “círculo cultural”, luego de la aprobación del comité de ética, en el segundo semestre de 2019, con la participación de 12 estudiantes universitarios haitianos inmigrantes residentes en el occidente de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Resultados: en los diálogos surgieron dos temas de discusión que representan la determinación social de la salud y la enfermedad: la salud de los inmigrantes en Brasil; y desafíos de estudiar y trabajar. Conclusión: la inequidad en el acceso a los derechos, la falta de tiempo para dormir y hacer ejercicio, la nostalgia por Haití, las dificultades económicas, la adaptación a la cultura brasileña y la discriminación fueron identificadas como factores determinantes que afectan la salud. Urge construir políticas públicas para garantizar los derechos de los inmigrantes en Brasil.
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