Conhecimento de gestantes de um hospital universitário relacionado à prevenção de DST/AIDS [STD/AIDS prevention-related knowledge by pregnant women at a teaching hospital]
Keywords:
Doenças sexualmente transmissíveis, transmissão vertical de doença infecciosa, cuidado pré-natal, educação em saúde [Sexually transmitted diseases, infectious disease transmission vertical, prenatal care, health education]Abstract
As doenças sexualmente transmissíveis (DST) representam importante problema de saúde pública, e suas complicações incluem a morbimortalidade materna e neonatal. No Brasil, dispõe-se de políticas públicas que visam eliminar e/ou reduzir riscos da transmissão vertical, como ações educativas na assistência pré-natal. Este estudo teve o objetivo de identificar o conhecimento das gestantes acerca das DST/AIDS e verificar as formas de prevenção adotadas. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, quantitativa, realizada com 41 gestantes no pré-natal de um hospital universitário, no Rio de Janeiro, de setembro a novembro de 2010. Os dados foram analisados pela aplicação da estatística descritiva. Os resultados evidenciam que as gestantes carecem de informações sobre as DST e o método preventivo mais utilizado é o preservativo masculino. Conclui-se que as mulheres necessitam de esclarecimentos relacionados às DST e formas de prevenção, e que o acompanhamento pré-natal é o momento oportuno para a educação em saúde da clientela.
ABSTRACT
Sexually-transmissible diseases (STD) stand for an important problem in public health. Complications include maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. In Brazil there are public policies targeted at eliminating and/or reducing the risk of vertical transmissions, as educational actions on prenatal assistance. This study aimed at identifying pregnant women’s awareness of STD/Aids as well as at assessing preventive methods adopted. It’s a descriptive, exploratory, quantitative research, conducted with 41 pregnant women in a prenatal section of a teaching hospital, in Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, from September, 2010 to November, 2010. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics. Results show that pregnant women lack information on STD and that male condoms turn out to be the most commonly used preventive method. Conclusions show that women need clarification on both STD and preventive methods, and that prenatal care is the timeliest moment to clientele’s health education.
RESUMEN
Las enfermedades sexualmente transmisibles (EST) son un importante problema de salud pública, y sus complicaciones son la morbilidad y mortalidad materna y neonatal. En Brasil, tenemos políticas públicas destinadas a eliminar y/o reducir el riesgo de transmisión vertical, como las actividades educativas en la atención prenatal. Este estudio buscó identificar el conocimiento de las gestantes sobre EST/SIDA y verificar las formas de prevención adoptadas. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, cuantitativo, realizado con 41 gestantes en prenatal de un hospital universitario de Rio de Janeiro, entre septiembre y noviembre de 2010. Los datos fueron analizados mediante la aplicación de la estadística descriptiva. Los resultados muestran que las mujeres embarazadas carecen de información sobre las EST y el método de prevención más utilizado es el preservativo masculino. Se concluye que las mujeres necesitan de aclaraciones relacionadas a las EST y métodos de prevención, y que la atención prenatal es un momento oportuno para la educación en salud de las clientes.
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