Assistência de enfermagem no atendimento pré-hospitalar a vítimas de queimaduras: scoping review [Nursing in pre-hospital care for burn victims: a scoping review] [Asistencia de enfermería en la atención prehospitalaria para víctimas de quemaduras: scoping review]
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12957/reuerj.2021.51316Keywords:
Enfermagem, Assistência à Saúde, Serviços Médicos de Emergência, Queimaduras.Abstract
Objetivo: identificar as evidências científicas sobre a assistência de enfermagem no atendimento pré-hospitalar a vítima de queimadura. Método: revisão de escopo realizada conforme orientações do Instituto Joanna Briggs e protocolo PRISMA-ScR. A busca foi executada em seis fontes de dados, no recorte temporal de 2016 a 2020. Doze artigos atenderam aos critérios de inclusão, sendo selecionados para a amostra dos resultados. Resultados: no âmbito da assistência de enfermagem, destacaram-se reposição volêmica com infusão de fluidos; resfriamento local com água limpa, corrente e em temperatura ambiente; monitoramento/controle dos sinais vitais, uso de oxigenoterapia; analgesia e cuidados com a ferida, utilizando coberturas oclusivas, identificação do agente causador, avaliação da Superfície Corporal Queimada, extensão e profundidade da lesão. Conclusão: a assistência de enfermagem frente ao atendimento pré-hospitalar às vítimas de queimaduras se dá principalmente pelo controle da evolução dos danos causados pelo incidente desde o momento da chegada até o atendimento terciário.
ABSTRACT
Objective: to identify the scientific evidence on nursing in pre-hospital care for burn victims. Method: this scoping Review was conducted following the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines and the PRISMA-ScR protocol. Six data sources were searched in the time frame from 2016 to 2020. Twelve articles met the inclusion criteria and were selected for sampling of the results. Results: prominent within the scope of nursing care were fluid volume replacement by infusion; local cooling with clean, running water at room temperature; monitoring / control of vital signs, use of oxygen therapy; analgesia and wound care, using occlusive dressings, identification of the causative agent, assessment of the Burned Body Surface Area, extent and depth of the injury. Conclusion: nursing in pre-hospital care for burn victims mainly involves controlling the progression of the injury caused by the incident between the moment of arrival and tertiary care.
RESUMEN
Objetivo: identificar la evidencia científica sobre la asistencia de enfermería en la atención prehospitalaria a víctimas de quemaduras. Método: Revisión del alcance realizada según las orientaciones del Instituto Joanna Briggs y el protocolo PRISMA-ScR. La investigación se realizó sobre seis fuentes de datos, en el período de 2016 a 2020. Doce artículos cumplieron los criterios de inclusión y fueron seleccionados para la muestra de los resultados. Resultados: en el ámbito de la atención de enfermería se destacó la reposición volémica a través infusión de fluidos; enfriamiento local con agua corriente limpia en temperatura ambiente; seguimiento / control de signos vitales, uso de oxigenoterapia; analgesia y cuidado de heridas, utilizando curas oclusivas, identificación del agente causante, evaluación de la superficie corporal quemada, extensión y profundidad de la lesión. Conclusión: la asistencia de la enfermería ante la atención prehospitalaria a las víctimas de quemaduras ocurre principalmente mediante el control de la evolución de los daños ocasionados por el incidente desde el momento de la llegada hasta la atención terciaria.
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