Doença renal crônica: vivências e expectativas do cuidador [Chronic kidney disease: experience and expectations of the caregiver] [Enfermedad renal crónica: experiencias y expectativas del cuidador]
Keywords:
Relações familiares, Insuficiência renal, Diagnóstico, Enfermagem [Family relations, renal insufficiency, diagnosis, nursing] [Relaciones familiares, insuficiencia renal, diagnóstico, enfermería]Abstract
O objetivo do estudo foi descrever a vivência dos familiares diante do diagnóstico de doença renal crônica em um de seus membros e identificar suas expectativas relacionadas ao tratamento. Pesquisa descritiva, de natureza qualitativa, realizada em Campo Mourão – PR, junto a nove familiares de doentes renais crônicos. Os dados foram coletados em abril e maio de 2011, e após submetidos a análise de conteúdo do tipo temática. Evidenciou-se que a vivência do diagnóstico foi um momento difícil para os familiares que compreendiam que, apesar do sofrimento, a hemodiálise era a única forma de seu familiar sobreviver. As expectativas em relação ao tratamento variaram desde a crença em uma cura miraculosa até o medo da morte. Ante a complexidade experienciada, recomenda-se à equipe de saúde assistir melhor o doente renal crônico e seus familiares auxiliando-os no processo de adaptação e reestruturação após o diagnóstico.ABSTRACT: This study aimed at describing family experience with the diagnosis of chronic kidney disease affecting a family member, as well as identifying their expectations related to treatment. Descriptive, qualitative research conducted in Campo Mourão, PR, Brazil with nine families of patients with chronic renal failure. Data were collected in April and May, 2011, and were further treated with content-thematic analysis. There was evidence that diagnosis was difficult for families to take. Despite their pain, they realized that hemodialysis proved to be the only survival alternative to their family member. Expectations regarding the treatment ranged from a belief in a miracle cure to death fear. The complex picture requires from healthcare staff and recommends they should better assist the patient with chronic kidney disease and their families in the adaptation process and restructuring after diagnosis.
RESUMEN: El objetivo fue describir la experiencia de la familia ante el diagnóstico de enfermedad renal crónica en uno de sus miembros e identificar sus expectativas relacionadas al tratamiento. Investigación cualitativa y descriptiva, realizada en Campo Mourão – PR - Brasil, con nueve familiares de pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica. Los datos fueron recogidos en abril y mayo de 2011, y después sometidos al análisis de contenido temático. Los resultados demostraron que la experiencia del diagnóstico fue muy difícil para la familia, que entiende que, a pesar del sufrimiento, la hemodiálisis era la única manera de su familiar sobrevivir. Las expectativas frente al tratamiento variaron de una creencia en una cura milagrosa hasta el miedo de la muerte. Frente a la complejidad experimentada, se recomienda al equipo de salud mejor asistir al paciente renal crónico y sus familias, ayudando a ellos en el proceso de adaptación y reestructuración después del diagnóstico.
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