Características individuais e clínicas de clientes com doença renal crônica em terapia renal substitutiva [Individual and clinical characteristics of clients with chronic kidney disease on renal replacement therapy]
Keywords:
Enfermagem, autocuidado, doença renal crônica, hemodiálise [Nursing, self-care, chronic kidney disease, hemodialysis] [Enfermería, auto-cuidado, enfermedad renal crónica, hemodiálises]Abstract
Objetivou-se identificar as características individuais e clínicas de pessoas com doença renal crônica (DRC) em hemodiálise e aguardando transplante renal. Método descritivo, quantitativo realizado no Rio de Janeiro - Brasil, de outubro a novembro de 2013, com 48 clientes entrevistados na consulta de enfermagem. Os dados foram tratados mediante estatística descritiva simples. Os resultados evidenciaram a maioria de clientes, 58,3%, do sexo feminino; 62,5% de etnia negra; 58,3% com escolaridade até o ensino fundamental e 67% com renda familiar de 1 a 2 salários mínimos. A média de idade foi 49 anos, sendo 71% dependentes da hemodiálise há mais de 2 anos e 66,7% a conhecem como única opção de tratamento. A hipertensão arterial, principal comorbidade, afeta 85.4% dos sujeitos de pesquisa. Concluiu-se haver condições sociodemográficas e clínicas preocupantes, sugerindo intervenções preventivas para minimizar morbidades e favorecer o bem-estar através da orientação de enfermagem para o autocuidado de clientes com DRC.
ABSTRACT
This paper aims at identifying individual and clinical characteristics of people with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) on hemodialysis, awaiting kidney transplant. Descriptive and quantitative methods held at Rio de Janeiro-Brazil, with 48 clients, from October to November, 2013, applying structured interview during nursing consultation. Data were treated with standard descriptive statistics. Results show 58.3% are female; 62. 5% are black; 58.3% have primary education levels, and 67% have family income of 1-2 minimum wages. Average age was 49 years old; 71% were dependent on hemodialysis for longer than two years; and 66.7% take it as their only treatment option. Hypertension and major comorbidity affect 85.4% of the subjects investigated. Conclusions show that there are worrying socio demographic and clinical conditions, suggesting preventive interventions to minimize morbidity and to promote quality of life through nursing guidance for self-care of clients with CKD.
RESUMEN
Se objetivó identificar se las características individuales y clínicas de los clientes con enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) en hemodiálisis y esperando trasplante renal. Método descriptivo, cuantitativo celebrado en Rio de Janeiro-Brasil, con 48 clientes, de octubre a noviembre de 2013, que fueron entrevistados mediante consulta de enfermería. Se utilizó la estadística descriptiva simples. Se evidenció la mayoría, 58,3%, mujer; 62,5% de etnia negra; 58,3% con estudios hasta la educación primaria y 67% con ingresos familiares de 1-2 salarios mínimos. La media de edad fue de 49 años; 71% dependientes de la hemodiálisis más de 2 años y 66,7% la conocen como la única opción de tratamiento. La hipertensión arterial afecta a 85,4% de los clientes. Se concluye que hay condiciones sociodemográficas y clínicas preocupantes y se sugiere intervenciones preventivas para reducir al mínimo las morbilidades y para promover la calidad de vida mediante la orientación de enfermería para el autocuidado de clientes con ERC.
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