Vacinação contra Hepatite B em indivíduos renais crônicos em tratamento hemodialítico [Hepatitis B vaccination in chronic renal failure patients on hemodialysis]
Keywords:
Hemodiálise, insuficiência renal crônica, vacinas contra Hepatite B, anticorpos contra o Vírus da Hepatite B [Renal dialysis, chronic renal insufficiency, Hepatitis B vaccines, Hepatitis B antibodies]Abstract
Indivíduos em tratamento hemodialítico apresentam elevado risco de infecção pelo Vírus da Hepatite B, sendo, portanto, uma população alvo para vacinação contra Hepatite B. Este estudo de coorte retrospectivo objetivou avaliar o monitoramento da vacina contra Hepatite B em indivíduos que iniciaram hemodiálise em 2005 e permaneceram em seguimento por até quatro anos, em Ribeirão Preto-SP. A população foi constituída por 102 indivíduos. Somente 39,2% possuíam registro em prontuário de vacinação prévia contra Hepatite B, e 35,3% receberam o esquema vacinal completo. A maioria recebeu esquema de três doses (40 mcg) e 72,2% desenvolveram títulos protetores de anti-HBs. Dos 62 indivíduos sem registro de vacinação prévia em prontuário, 22,6% permaneceram em tratamento hemodialítico por mais de 42 meses. Os achados deste estudo evidenciam a necessidade urgente de mais esforços de gestores públicos e profissionais de saúde na vigilância da vacinação contra Hepatite B em centros de hemodiálise da região.
ABSTRACT
Individuals on hemodialysis are at high risk of infection by Hepatitis B Virus and are, therefore, a target population for vaccination against Hepatitis B. This retrospective cohort study aimed to evaluate Hepatitis B vaccination monitoring of patients who started hemodialysis in 2005 and continued in follow-up for up to four years in Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo State. Of the population of 102 individuals, only 39.2% were on record as previously vaccinated against Hepatitis B, while 35.3% received the full vaccination schedule. The majority received a three-dose regimen (40 mcg), and 72.2% developed protective titers of anti-HBs. Of the 62 individuals with no record of previous vaccination, 22.6% remained on hemodialysis for more than 42 months. Findings highlight the urgent need for more effort by policy managers and health professionals in surveillance of Hepatitis B vaccination at hemodialysis centers in the region.
RESUMEN
Individuos sometidos a hemodiálisis tienen un alto riesgo de infección por el Virus de Hepatitis B, siendo así una población objetivo para vacunación contra Hepatitis B. Este estudio de cohorte retrospectivo objetivó evaluar el monitoreo de la vacuna contra Hepatitis B en individuos que iniciaron hemodiálisis en 2005 y se mantuvieron en seguimiento hasta cuatro años en la ciudad de Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo – Brasil. Población fue constituida por 102 individuos. Sólo 39,2% tenían registro en prontuario de vacunación previa contra hepatitis B, y 35,3% recibieron vacunación completa. La mayoría recibió tres dosis (40 mcg) y 72,2% desarrollaron títulos protectores de anti-HBs. De los 62 individuos sin registro en prontuario de vacunación previa, 22,6% se mantuvieron en hemodiálisis por más de 42 meses. Hallazgos resaltan la urgente necesidad de más esfuerzos de gestores públicos y profesionales de salud en la vigilancia de vacunación contra Hepatitis B en centros de hemodiálisis de la región.
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