Correlación entre calidad de vida y factores socioeconómicos y el síndrome post-Covid-19

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.12957/reuerj.2025.87615

Palabras clave:

Atención Primaria de Salud, COVID-19, Síndrome Post Agudo de COVID-19, Cualidad de Vida

Resumen

Objetivo: identificar la correlación entre calidad de vida y factores sociodemográficos de personas post-Covid-19. Método: estudio transversal, realizado con individuos que se enfermaron con Covid-19 en la ciudad de Caxias- Maranhao, entre diciembre de 2021 y marzo de 2022, considerando variables sociodemográficas y datos del Short Form Health Survey 36. Análisis realizado con las pruebas t-student independiente y Mann Whitney (IC95%). Fueron seguidos todos los preceptos éticos vigentes. Resultados: entre 230 participantes, predominaron personas del sexo femenino (68,26%), con renta individual de 1-2 salarios-mínimos (55,22%). La media en el dominio vitalidad fue 59,5. Fueron identificadas correlaciones estadísticamente significativas entre: sexo y vitalidad (p=0,004), aspectos sociales (p=0,02), aspectos emocionales (p=0,04) y salud mental (p=0,001). Conclusión: los perjuicios en la calidad de vida apuntaron para evidencias que establecen una correlación entre los dominios de la calidad de vida, considerando el sexo femenino. Los segmentos con impactos más significativos fueron los bajo dominios vinculados a cuestiones más subjetivas como el lado emocional.

Biografía del autor/a

Marisa Araujo Costa, Universidade Federal do Maranhão

Enfermera. Maestría en Salud de la Familia por la Universidade Federal do Maranhão. Sao Luís, MA, Brasil.

Elivelton Sousa Montelo, Universidade Federal do Maranhão

Fisioterapeuta. Maestrando en Salud y Ambiente por la UUniversidade Federal do Maranhão. São Luís, MA, Brasil.

Dorlene Maria Cardoso de Aquino, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão

Enfermera. Doctora en Patología Humana. Profesora Doctora por la Universidade Federal do Maranhão. São Luís, MA, Brasil.

Joseneide Teixeira Câmara, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão

Enfermera. Doctora en Medicina Tropical. Profesora Doctora pore la Universidade Estadual do Maranhão. Caxias, MA, Brasil.

Ana Hélia de Lima Sardinha, Universidade Federal do Maranhão

Enfermera. Doctora en Ciencias Pedagógicas. Profesora Doctora por la Universidad Federal del Maranhao. São Luís, MA, Brasil.

Citas

1. Organización Mundial de la Salud. Promoción de la Salud. Ginebra: OMS; 1998 [cited 2022 Nov 2]. Available from: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/67246/WHO_HPR_HEP_98.1_spa.pdf;jsessionid=E750577929E092B86720C72F5AC28468?sequence=1.

2. Faustino RS, Pinto AGA, Lopes SM, Tavares LM. Concepções sobre promoção da saúde e qualidade de vida: revisão integrativa. Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res. 2020 [cited 2022 Nov 10]; 22(1):113-24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21722/rbps.v22i1.18200.

3. Soriano JB, Murthy S, Marshall JC, Relan P, Diaz JV; WHO Clinical case definition working group on Post-COVID-19 condition by a Delphi consensus. Lancet Infect. Dis. 2022 [cited 2022 Nov 2]; 22(4):e102-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(21)00703-9.

4. Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C, Palacios-Ceña D, Gómez-Mayordomo V, Florencio LL, Cuadrado ML, Plaza-Manzano G, et al. Prevalence of Post-COVID-19 symptoms in hospitalized and non-hospitalized COVID-19 survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur. J. Intern. Med. 2021 [cited 2022 Nov 2]; 92:55-70. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejim.2021.06.009.

5. Kuodi P, Gorelik Y, Gausi B, Bernstine T, Edelstein M. Characterization of Post-COVID syndromes by symptom cluster and time period up to 12 months post-infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int. J. Infect. Dis. 2023 [cited 2022 Nov 2]; 134:1-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2023.05.003.

6. Dias IC, Almeida CH, Melo EMM, Dias HC, Luz IS, Santos JLD, et al. Os impactos da pandemia de Covid-19 na saúde mental da população. Rev. Eletrônica Acervo Cient. 2021 [cited 2022 Nov 10]; 30e8218. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25248/reac.e8218.2021.

7. Savassi LCM, Reis GVL, Dias MB, Vilela LO, Ribeiro MTAM, Zachi MLR, et al. Recomendações para a Atenção Domiciliar em período de pandemia por COVID-19: recomendações conjuntas do GT Atenção Domiciliar SBMFC e da ABRASAD. Rev. Bras. Med. Fam. Comunidade. 2020 [cited 2022 Nov 6]; 15(42):2611. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5712/rbmfc15(42)2611.

8. Medina MG, Giovanella L, Bousquat A, Mendonça MHM, Aquino R, Comitê Gestor da Rede de Pesquisa em Atenção Primária à Saúde da Abrasco. Primary healthcare in times of COVID-19: what to do? Cad. Saúde Pública. 2020 [cited 2021 Nov 2]; 36(8):e00149720. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311X00149720.

9. Ministério da Saúde (BR). Orientações para manejo de pacientes com Covid-19. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde; 2021 [cited 2022 Nov 6]. Available from: https://www.gov.br/saude/pt-br/coronavirus/publicacoes-tecnicas/recomendacoes/orientacoes-para-manejo-de-pacientes-com-covid-19/view.

10. Rosa RG, Robinson CC, Veiga VC, Cavalcanti AB, Azevedo LCP, Machado FR, et al. Qualidade de vida e desfechos em longo prazo após hospitalização por COVID-19: Protocolo para um estudo de coorte prospectivo (Coalizão VII). Rev. Bras Ter Intensiva. 2021 [cited 2022 Nov 6]; 33(1):31-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5935/0103-507X.20210003.

11. Ware JE. User’s manual for the SF-36v2 Health Survey. 3rd ed. Lincoln (RI): Quality Metric Incorporated; 2020 [cited 2025 Apr 22]. Available from: https://www.qualitymetric.com/products/sf-36v2-health-survey/.

12. Jankowska A, Kowalski M, Nowak P, Zieliński T. Development of updated population norms for the SF-36 for Poland: results from a cross-sectional study. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2025 [cited 2022 Nov 6]; 23:45. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-025-02343-5.

13. Laerd Statistics. Understanding when to use parametric and nonparametric tests. Lund Research Ltd.; 2020 [cited 2025 Apr 22]. Available from: https://statistics.laerd.com/statistical-guides/types-of-statistical-test.php.

14. Gebhard C, Regitz-Zagrosek V, Neuhauser HK, Morgan R, Klein SL. Impact of sex and gender on COVID-19 outcomes in Europe. Biol Sex Differ. 2020 [cited 2022 Nov 6]; 11(1):29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13293-020-00304-9.

15. Ministério da Saúde (BR). Doença pelo Coronavírus Cpvid-19: semana epidemiológica 14 a 26 de junho de 2021 Boletim Epidemiológico Especial. 2021 [cited 2022 Nov 6]; 25:1-98. Available from: https://www.gov.br/saude/pt-br/centrais-de-conteudo/publicacoes/boletins/epidemiologicos/covid-19/2021/69_boletim_epidemiologico_covid_2junho.pdf.

16. Moura MC, Davalos V, Planas-Serra L, Alvarez-Errico D, Arribas C, Ruizet M. Epigenome-wide association study of COVID-19 severity with respiratory failure, E. Bio. Medicine. 2021 [cited 2022 Nov 6]; 66(2021):103339. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103339.

17. Carvalho MCT, Jesus BMB, Castro VL, et al. The impact on quality of life on individuals after Covid-19: What has changed. Rev. Soc. Dev. 2020 [cited 2022 Nov 6]; 10(14):e219101421769. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i14.21769.

18. Teotônio, I, Hecht M, Castro LC, Gandolfi l, Pratesi R, Nakano EY, et al. Repercussion of Covid-19 pandemic on brazilians’ quality of life: a nationwide cross-sectional study. Int. J. Environ Res. Public Health. 2020 [cited 2022 Nov 6]; 17(22):8554. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228554.

19. Paranhos VDN, Rodrigues M, Silva Júnior F, et al. Effect of long COVID-19 syndrome on health-related quality of life. Front Psychol. 2024 [cited 2022 Nov 6]; 15:1394068. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1394068.

20. Bai F, Tomasoni D, Falcinella C, Barbanotti D, Castoldi R, Mulè G, et al. Female sex is a risk factor for long COVID syndrome: a prospective cohort study. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2023 [cited 2022 Nov 6]; 29(5):653–9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2023.01.019.

21. Hajek A, De Bock F, Grande G, Lehnert T, Lange C, König HH. Determinants of health-related quality of life among the oldest old: results of a representative survey. Qual Life Res. 2020 [cited 2022 Nov 6]; 29(3):803–12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-019-02349-2.

22. Nguyen HC, Nguyen MH, Do BN, Tran CQ, Nguyen TTP, Pham KM, et al. People with suspected COVID-19 symptoms were more likely depressed and had lower health-related quality of life: the potential benefit of health literacy. J Clin Med. 2020 [cited 2022 Nov 6]; 9(4):965. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9040965.

23. Halpin SJ, McIvor C, Whyatt G, Adams A, Harvey O, McLean L, et al. Postdischarge symptoms and rehabilitation needs in survivors of COVID-19 infection: a cross-sectional evaluation. J Med Virol. 2021 [cited 2022 Nov 6]; 93(2):1013–22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.26368.

24. Garrigues E, Janvier P, Kherabi Y, Le Bot A, Hamon A, Gouze H, et al. Post-discharge persistent symptoms and health-related quality of life after hospitalization for COVID-19. J Infect. 2020 [cited 2022 Nov 6]; 81(6):e4–e6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.08.029.

25. Batista KBC, Silva Júnior AG, Lima-Costa MF, et al. Panorama da COVID longa no Brasil: análise preliminar de um inquérito nacional. Cad. Saúde Pública. 2024 [cited 2024 Nov 6]; 40(4):e00094623. DOI: https://www.scielosp.org/pdf/csp/2024.v40n4/e00094623/pt.

26. Haldane V, De Foo C, Abdalla SM, Jung AS, Tan M, Wu S, et al. Health systems resilience in managing the COVID-19 pandemic: lessons from 28 countries. Nat Med. 2021 [cited 2022 Nov 6]; 27(6):964–980. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01381-y.

Publicado

2025-06-23

Cómo citar

1.
Costa MA, Montelo ES, Aquino DMC de, Câmara JT, Sardinha AH de L. Correlación entre calidad de vida y factores socioeconómicos y el síndrome post-Covid-19. Rev. enferm. UERJ [Internet]. 23 de junio de 2025 [citado 15 de julio de 2025];33(1):e87615. Disponible en: https://www.e-publicacoes.uerj.br/enfermagemuerj/article/view/87615

Número

Sección

Artículos de Investigación