Desconforto e dor em recém-nascido: reflexões da enfermagem neonatal [Discomfort and pain in the newborn: reflections of neonatal nursing]
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12957/reuerj.2016.11298Keywords:
Dor, recém-nascido, neonatologia, enfermagem [Pain, infant, newborn, neonatology, nursing]Abstract
Objetivo: promover um processo de reflexão junto à equipe de enfermagem sobre o manejo do desconforto e da dor em recém-nascido (RN). Método: pesquisa convergente-assistencial realizada em uma unidade neonatal do sul do Brasil. Os participantes foram 16 profissionais da equipe de enfermagem. A coleta de dados ocorreu nos meses de outubro e novembro de 2012, através de grupos de reflexão sustentados pelo referencial teórico da Pedagogia Libertadora. Resultados: da prática educativa, emergiram três categorias: os estímulos ambientais provocam dor e desconforto no RN; procedimentos invasivos como principais causadores da dor em RN; e a enfermagem reconhece os sinais álgicos no bebê. Conclusão: os resultados demonstram a preocupação dos profissionais de saúde com a identificação da dor, a necessidade de minimizar os estímulos ambientais e a importância do uso de medidas não farmacológicas e farmacológicas, principalmente durante os procedimentos invasivos, evitando implicações no desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor do recém-nascido.
ABSTRACT
Objective: to engage nursing staff in thinking about management of discomfort and pain in newborn babies. Method: this convergent-care study was conducted in a neonatal unit in southern Brazil. The participants were 16 members of a nursing team. Data was collected during October and November 2012, through focus groups underpinned by the theory of Liberation Pedagogy. Results: From that practical educational activity three categories emerged: environmental stimuli cause pain and discomfort in the newborn; invasive procedures are the main causes of pain in the neonatal unit; and nurses recognize the signals of babies’ pain. Conclusion: The results demonstrate health professionals’ concern with identifying pain, the need to minimize environmental stimuli and the importance of using pharmacological and non-pharmacological measures, mainly during invasive procedures, to avoid effects on the psychomotor development of the newborn.
RESUMEN
Objetivo: promover un proceso de reflexión, junto con el equipo de enfermería, sobre la gestión del malestar y dolor del recién nacido. Método: Investigación convergente asistencial se realizó en una unidad neonatal en el sur de Brasil. Los participantes fueron 16 profesionales del equipo de enfermería. Los datos fueron recolectados durante los meses de octubre y noviembre de 2012, a través de grupos de reflexión con el apoyo del marco teórico de la Pedagogía Libertadora. Resultados: De la práctica educadora, han surgido tres categorías: los estímulos ambientales le provocan dolor y malestar al recién nacido; procedimientos invasivos como los principales causadores de dolor al recién nacido y la enfermería reconoce las señales álgicas en el bebé. Conclusión: Los resultados demuestran la preocupación de los profesionales de salud con la identificación del dolor, la necesidad de minimizar los estímulos ambientales y la importancia del uso de medidas no farmacológicas y farmacológicas, principalmente durante los procedimientos invasivos, evitando consecuencias en el desarrollo neuropsicomotor del recién nacido.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/reuerj.2016.11298
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