Evolution of anthropometric and atherogenic cardiovascular risk indicators and indices of acute myocardial infarction survivors exposed to cardioprotective dietary guidance: randomized clinical trial
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12957/demetra.2026.93164Keywords:
Acute Myocardial Infarction. Cardiovascular Risk. Healthy Eating.Abstract
Introduction: Cardiovascular episodes such as Acute Myocardial Infarction (MI) are the leading cause of death worldwide. A healthy diet is crucial to manage these episodes. Objective: Assessing the progression of anthropometric and atherogenic cardiovascular risk indicators and indices in MI survivors exposed to cardioprotective dietary guidance. Methods: Study based on aclinical trial conducted with aconvenience sample comprisingpatients suffering from recent myocardial infarction who were treated through qualitative nutritional guidance based on the Brazilian Cardioprotective Diet booklet (Brazil, 2012) at hospital discharge. Post-MI patients with abdominal obesity determined through abdominal circumference were included in the study and randomized into an intervention group (IG -following the cardioprotective diet) and a control group (CG -followingthe standard nutritional guidance by the hospital’s dietitian). Anthropometric assessments (BMI for adults vs. elderly, abdominal and neck circumferences, waist:height ratio), lipid profile and plasma atherogenic indices – PAIs (Castelli indices: CI-I and CI-II; atherogenic indices: AI-I and AI-II) were assessed at discharge and after 6-month follow-up. Chi-squared testsand linearmixed models were applied at5% significance level. Results: The total of 106 volunteers participated in the study. They were mostly women (67%), over 59 years old (55.7%) - 77.4% were hypertensive, 47.2% diabetic and 43.4% dyslipidemic. There were no differences in anthropometric parameters between the intervention (IG) and control (CG) groups (p>0.05). Both groups showed similar LDL reduction (IG-15.32%,CG-13.7%;p=0.862) and non-HDL cholesterol (IG- 24%, CG- 27.4%; p= 0.515), as well as HDL increase (IG +16.4%, CG +21.6%; p= 0.562) with significant improvements, over time (LDL p= 0.031; non-HDL p < 0.001; HDL p < 0.001). PAIs decreased similarly between groups (p>0.05) and significant reductions were recorded for AI-I and CI-I (p<0.05), over time. Conclusion: Nutritional guidance based onthe playful strategy in the cardioprotective booklet did not show additional beneficial effects. Improvements in the assessment parameters were observed in both groups.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Amanda Celia Martins Pastl, Jéssica da Silva Araújo, Mayranne Victórya Rocha Santos, Lídia Bezerra Barbosa, Gabriel Soares Badué, Sandra Mary Lima Vasconcelos
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