education and democracy in the world today (2025)

aboriginal conceptions of freedom as relational

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.12957/childphilo.2026.93228

Palabras clave:

consideración autónoma, colonización, pedagogía descolonizadora, individualismo liberal, pedagogía relacional

Resumen

Este artículo analiza las afirmaciones de los críticos de que John Dewey no abordó adecuadamente el racismo —en particular, su complicidad con la «blancura», incluida su valorización de la democracia estadounidense como un ejemplo del legado anglosajón, vista por los críticos como una narrativa del progreso humano de lo «primitivo» a lo «moderno»—;  su incapacidad para abordar sus propios prejuicios y suposiciones sobre el alumno y la comunidad; y su evasión de las realidades raciales relativas a la «experiencia negra». Estas críticas podrían tener repercusiones en la filosofía para niños, que, según Matthew Lipman, tiene una deuda con Dewey. Sostenemos que la educación en las democracias de estilo occidental no ha respondido adecuadamente a la intolerancia racial, y que la democracia liberal no ha estado a la altura de sus ideales filosóficos de igualdad de derechos y oportunidades, independientemente de los orígenes de las personas. Sin embargo, argumentamos que el problema es más profundo, que el propio concepto de libertad en el liberalismo es un obstáculo para superar los problemas que identificaron los críticos de Dewey. Llegamos a la conclusión de que, dado que la reconstrucción es inherente a la epistemología pragmática, reconstruir algunos de los supuestos que conforman la comunidad de investigación —especialmente los supuestos sobre la democracia y la deliberación— tiene el potencial de reforzar el compromiso con los conceptos aborígenes de libertad y autonomía, cuestionando así la creencia en la superioridad del pensamiento filosófico liberal en la democracia de estilo occidental. Comenzamos nuestro argumento llamando la atención sobre los conceptos liberales de libertad y autonomía (como características idealizadas de la identidad que constituyen la base de la concepción liberal de la naturaleza humana), seguido de críticas a la visión ideal de Dewey sobre el estudiante y la comunidad del aula, así como a su incapacidad para reconocer las dinámicas raciales. A continuación, introducimos el concepto político aborigen de «consideración autónoma» (un concepto central que implica respetar la autonomía de los demás y que fomenta una cosmovisión relacional de la comunidad y de la tierra). Esta cosmovisión relacional se inspira en los sistemas de conocimiento aborígenes, que hacen hincapié en la observación y la interacción cuidadosas, deliberadas y pacientes como proceso para comprender nuestra relación con el mundo. En este sentido, comparten características con la epistemología relacional de Dewey, la interconexión de la experiencia y la continuidad entre lo humano, lo orgánico y el mundo natural, y podrían entenderse como precursoras del pragmatismo. Como tal, recurrimos a la pedagogía relacional para subsanar las deficiencias teóricas de la teoría y la práctica de Dewey, y para centrarnos en la experiencia indígena y la colonización, en particular en las experiencias de pertenencia a la tierra como parte integral de la identidad, el conocimiento y las prácticas culturales, incluyendo la gobernanza, el parentesco y la sociedad.

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Biografía del autor/a

mary graham, The University of Queensland

Mary Graham, a Kombumerri/Wakka Wakka woman, is widely recognised as Australia’s leading Aboriginal philosopher. She is an Adjunct Associate Professor at the School of Political Science and International Studies, The University of Queensland, who has worked tirelessly as a community development leader, Elder, and educator, and has lectured on Aboriginal history, politics and comparative philosophy at The University of Queensland and other universities for many years and has collaborated on international social science research projects. Her career as a local community development leader and educator has had far-reaching impact: she was central in establishing the Aboriginal and Islander Child Care in the 1980s, a founding member of the Council for Aboriginal Reconciliation, a commissioner of the Queensland Corrective Services Commission, regional councillor with the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission, a member of the Ethics Council of the National Congress of Australia’s First Peoples, and a founding director of Australian BlackCard.

gilbert burgh, The University of Queensland

Gilbert Burgh is an Honorary Associate Professor in Philosophy at the School of Historical and Philosophical Inquiry, The University of Queensland, where he taught philosophy of education, ethics, and social and political philosophy. He has published widely on educational philosophy, especially democratic education, place-responsive pedagogies, the role of genuine doubt in classroom inquiry, and the history of philosophy in schools in Australia, and has several books, including Teaching democracy in an age of uncertainty: Place-responsive learning (2022) (with Simone Thornton). He also served as President of the Federation of Australasian Philosophy in Schools Associations (2002–2003).

simone thornton, University of Wollongong

Simone Thornton is a Senior Lecturer in Philosophy at the University of Wollongong and an Honorary Research Fellow at The University of Queensland. Her research intersects the areas of social and political philosophy, educational philosophy, environmental education, place-responsive pedagogies, disruptive philosophy, and philosophy in schools, focusing on the development of ecologically rational forms of education. She recently published her book, Eco-rational education: An educational response to environmental crisis (2024), and with Gilbert Burgh is co-author of Teaching Democracy in an Age of Uncertainty: Place-responsive learning (2022) and co-editor of Philosophical Inquiry with Children: The development of an inquiring society in Australia (2019). 

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Publicado

2026-06-25

Número

Sección

dossier: "racismo, colonialismo y filosofía para/con niñas y niños: praxis en contextos no ideales."