adultcentrism and the children's classroom: if you want to teach them you must know who they are

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.12957/childphilo.2024.81006

Keywords:

adultcentrism, didactics of philosophy, teaching philosophy, pre-service teaching

Abstract

The paper addresses academic adultcentrism from the perspective of the pre-service instruction and practice of philosophy teachers, based on the experience we have gained while leading a Didactic of Philosophy seminar for a Philosophy and Letters academic program where students are engaged in the designing, implementation and evaluation of academic material and class performance for K-12 schools. After giving a brief presentation of the context in which philosophy teaching takes place, and a description of the logic and horizon that set the basis of our seminar, we define and discuss four particular ways in which adultcentrism permeates the preparation and performance of philosophy classes for classrooms with students ranging from 8 to 15 years old: cognitive, epistemic, pedagogical and disciplinary adultcentrism.  As well as some of the ways in which, as part of the seminar, the students and the instructor have devised to address and overcome the adultcentrism problems. At the end of the discussion, an auto-critical note is included in order to show the limits of our own practices and base ground, as well as a way to define new necessary approaches and perspectives required to address both the problems we found to be at the bottom of current teaching practices. As well as n our own expectations, methods and ways to deal with those issues with our pre-service young colleagues.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Alfano, M., & Sullivan, E. (2019). Negative Epistemic Exemplars. In S. Goguen & B. Sherman (Eds.), Overcoming Epistemic Injustice: Social and Psychological Perspectives. Rowman & Littlefield.

Anderson, L., & Krathwohl, D. (Eds.). (2001). A taxonomy for learning, teaching, and assessing: A revision of Bloom's taxonomy of educational objectives. Longman.

Ansari, D., König, J., Leask M., & Tokuhama-Espinosa, T. (2017). Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience: implications for Teacher’s Pedagogical Knowledge. OECD.

Benito, R. Consecuencias del maltrato infantil para el neurodesarrollo y su impacto en el entorno escolar. Journal of Neuroeducation, 4(1), 7–20. doi: 10.1344/joned.v4i1.42378

Bloom, B. S., Engelhart, M. D., Furst, E. J., Hill, W. H., & Krathwohl, D. R. (1956). Taxonomy of educational objectives: The classification of educational goals (Vol. 1). David McKay Company.

Dehaene, S. (2020). How We Learn: The New Science of Education and the Brain. Penguin

Dewey, J. (1916). The Middle Works of John Dewey, Volume 9, 1899-1924 (J. A. Boydston, Ed.).. Board of Trustees Southern Illinois University.

Duarte, C. (2012). Sociedades adultocéntricas: sobre sus orígenes y reproducción. Ultima década, 20(36), 99–125. https://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-22362012000100005

Ejera, P. (2020). Mapping identity prejudice: locations of epistemic injustice in philosophy for/with children. Childhood & Philosophy, 16(36), 1–25.

Eslava, E. (2022a). En búsqueda del aprendizaje perdido. Una fábula educativa en tiempos de pandemia. Cuadernos de Filosofía Latinoamericana, 43(126), 69–109. https://doi.org/10.15332/25005375

Eslava, E. (2022b). ¿Es retirar la filosofía de las escuelas un acto de injusticia epistémica? Universitas Philosophica, 39(79), 209–235. DOI: 10.11144/Javeriana.uph.39-79.rfie

Eslava, E. (2022c). Controversias científicas y desarrollo curricular: Puntos de encuentro para la promoción de diálogos sobre filosofía natural. In L. Duque & G. Guerrero (Eds.), Controversias científicas y desarrollo curricular: puntos de encuentro para la promoción de diálogos sobre filosofía natural (pp. 219–239). Universidad del Valle.

Eslava, E. (2022d). Humanos, humanismos y humanidades: en busca de una educación prospectiva. In H. Herrera, et al. (Eds.), Actualidad y defensa de la filosofía (pp. 29–50). Editorial Universidad del Rosario.

Espinel, O., & Pulido Cortés, O. (2017). Enseñanza de la filosofía. Entre experiencia filosófica y ensayo. Universitas Philosophica, 34(69), 121–142. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.uph34-69.efee

Florio, E., Caso, L., & Castelli, I. (2022). Detrimental educational practices deemed as culturally acceptable: Adultcentrism and Black Pedagogy in Italian primary schools. In Social Psychology of Education (Vol. 25, Issue 1). Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-021-09676-1

Fricker, A. (2007). Epistemic Injustice. Power and the Ethics of Knowing. Clarendon Press.

Fuhrmann, D., Knoll, L. J., & Blakemore, S.-J. (2015). Adolescence as a sensitive period of brain development. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 19(10), 558–566.

Hackman, D. A., Farah, M. J., & Meaney, M. J. (2010). Socioeconomic status and the brain: mechanistic insights from human and animal research. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 11, 651–659.

Hinton, E. A., Li, D. C., Allen, A. G., & Gourley, S. L. (2019). Social isolation in adolescence disrupts cortical development and goal-dependent decision making in adulthood, despite social reintegration. eNeuro, 6(5), ENEURO.0318-19.

Hayes, D. (2015, July 16). “Philosophy for Children” Isn’t Real Philosophy. Spiked. http://www.spiked-online.com/newsite/article/philosophy-for-children-isnt-real-philosophy/17193.

Haynes, J. (2008). Children as Philosophers. Routledge.

Hershovittz, S. (2022) Nasty, brutish and short. Adventures in Philosophy with kids. Penguin Random House.

Hoyos, D. (2010). Filosofía para niños y lo que significa una educación filosófica. Discusiones Filosóficas, 11(16), 149–167.

Hunt, C., Borgida, E., Lavine, H. (2012). Social Cognition. In V. S. Ramachandran (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Human Behavior (2nd ed., pp. 456–462). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-375000-6.00331-1

Kitchener, R. (1990). Do Children Think Philosophically? Metaphilosophy, 21(4), 416–431.

Knoll, L. J., Magis-Weinberg, L., Speekenbrink, M., & Blakemore, S.-J. (2015). Social influence of risk perception during adolescence. Psychological Science, 26(5), 583–592.

Kohan, W. O. (2014). Philosophy and Childhood: Critical Perspectives and Affirmative Practices. Palgrave Macmillan.

Kohan, W. O. (2015). Childhood, Education and Philosophy: New Ideas for an Old Relationship. Routledge.

Kohan, W. O., & Weber, B. (Eds.). (2020). Thinking, Childhood, and Time: Contemporary Perspectives on the Politics of Education. Lexington.

Ladino, W., & Castellanos, E. (2022). philosophical camp: playful experience of thinking with childhood. Childhood & Philosophy, 18, 1–20 https://doi.org/10.12957/childphilo.2022.67275

Lay-Lisboa, S., Armijo-Rodríguez, F., Calderón-Olivares, C., Flores-Acuña, J., & Mercado-Guerra, J. (2022). Radiografías del adultocentrismo en el espacio educativo: tensiones frente al protagonismo de las infancias. Revista Electrónica Educare, 26(3), 463–489. https://dx.doi.org/10.15359/ree.26-3.26

Lipman, M., & Sharp, A. M. (1978). Some Educational Presuppositions of Philosophy for Children. Oxford Review of Education, 4(1), 85–-90.

Lipman, M. (1990). Response to Professor Kitchener. Metaphilosophy, 21(4), 432–433.

Lipman, M., Sharp, A. M., & Oscayan, F. (2002). La filosofía en el aula. Ediciones La Torre.

Lipman, M. (2003). Thinking in Education. Cambridge University Press.

Lone, J. M. (2019) Philosophical thinking in childhood. In A. Gheaus, G. Calder & J. D. Wispelaere (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of the philosophy of childhood and children. Routledge Taylor & Francis

Lone, J. M., and Burroughs, M. (eds.) 2016. Philosophy in Education: Questioning and Dialogue in Schools. Rowman & Littlefield.

Matthews, G. (1980). Philosophy and the Young Child. Harvard University Press.

Matthews, G. (1984). Dialogues with Children. Harvard University Press.

Matthews, G. (1994). Philosophy of Childhood. Harvard University Press.

Mariño Diaz, L. A., Pulido Cortés, O., & Morales Mora, L. M. (2016). Actitud filosófica, infancia y formación de maestros. Praxis & Saber,7(15), 81-101.

Simpson, E. (1972). Educational objectives in the psychomotor domain. Gryphon House.

Smith, J. E. (2016). The philosopher. A history in 6 types. Princeton and Oxford. Princeton University Press.

Suárez M., Pulido, O. (Eds.). (2021). Diagramas y Polifonías. Experiencias de Pensamiento. Editorial UPTC.

Walker, M. (2019). Why epistemic justice matters in and for education. Asia Pacific Education Review, 20, 161–170. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12564-019-09601-4

Downloads

Published

2024-09-30

How to Cite

ESLAVA, Edgar. adultcentrism and the children’s classroom: if you want to teach them you must know who they are. childhood & philosophy, Rio de Janeiro, v. 20, p. 01–22, 2024. DOI: 10.12957/childphilo.2024.81006. Disponível em: https://www.e-publicacoes.uerj.br/childhood/article/view/81006. Acesso em: 16 mar. 2025.

Issue

Section

dossier: "confronting adultcentrism in educational philosophies and institutions"