Utilização e eficácia de espaçadores no tratamento farmacológico de pacientes asmáticos: uma revisão integrativa [Use and effectiveness of spacers in the pharmacological treatment of patients with asthma: an integrative review]
Keywords:
Asma, espaçadores de inalação, educação em saúde, terapia respiratória [Asthma, inhalation spacers, health education, respiratory therapy] [Asma, espaciadores de inhalación, educación en salud, terapia respiratória]Abstract
Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa que objetivou analisar a produção científica, publicada entre 1999 e 2010, referente ao uso e eficácia de dispositivos inalatórios acoplados a espaçadores no tratamento da asma. A seleção dos estudos foi realizada nas bases de dados: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online/Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (MEDLINE/BVS) e Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) e resultou em 20 artigos científicos. Foram evidenciadas diversas vantagens na utilização dos espaçadores, entre elas destaca-se a reversão mais rápida do broncoespasmo durante as crises agudas, a redução no tempo de preparo e administração das medicações, a menor evidência de efeitos colaterais e a redução de custos, especialmente quando se opta pelo uso de espaçadores artesanais. Desse modo, profissionais atuantes em programas de controle da asma, especialmente os enfermeiros envolvidos nesses serviços, precisam estar aptos a orientar os pacientes e relatar os benefícios da utilização dos espaçadores no tratamento farmacológico da asma.
ABSTRACT
This integrative review aimed to analyze the scientific production published between 1999 and 2010 on the use and effectiveness of inhaler devices connected to spacers in the treatment of asthma. Selection of studies in the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online/Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (MEDLINE/BVS) and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) databases yielded 20 scientific articles. Use of spacers was shown to offer a number of advantages, particularly more rapid relief of bronchospasm in acute attacks, reduced drug preparation and administration times, fewer side-effects and lower costs, especially with homemade spacers. Accordingly, personnel – especially nurses – involved in asthma control programs must be capacitated to advise patients and to report the benefits of using spacers in pharmacological treatment of asthma.
RESUMEN
Se trata de una revisión integradora que objetivó analizar la producción científica, publicada entre 1999 y 2010, respecto al uso y efectividad de los dispositivos inhaladores acoplados a espaciadores en el tratamiento de la asma. La selección de los estudios he sido realizada en las bases de datos: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online/Biblioteca Virtual en Salud (MEDLINE/BVS) y Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) y resultó en 20 artículos científicos. Fueron evidenciadas diversas ventajas en la utilización de los espaciadores, entre ellas se destaca la inversión más rápida del broncoespasmo durante los ataques agudos, la reducción del tiempo de preparación y administración de medicamentos, la más mínima evidencia de efectos secundarios y la reducción de costos, especialmente cuando se opta por el uso de espaciadores de fabricación artesanal. Así, los profesionales que participan en programas de control de la asma, sobre todo los enfermeros envueltos en esos servicios, deben ser capaces de enseñar y informar los beneficios del uso de los espaciadores en el tratamiento farmacológico de la asma.
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