Atenção básica em saúde: prevenção do câncer de colo do útero na consulta de enfermagem [Primary health care: cervical cancer prevention in nursing Consultation]
Keywords:
Câncer do colo do útero, prevenção primária, prevenção secundária, enfermagem. Keywords, Uterine cervical neoplasm, primary prevention, secondary prevention, nursing.Abstract
Objetivou-se analisar os eixos teórico-conceituais estruturantes da consulta de enfermagem ginecológica na atenção básica (AB) e discutir as principais condutas implementadas para prevenção do câncer do colo do útero (CCU). Pesquisa descritiva, qualitativa, realizada em Hospital Escola, na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, em 2011. Foram entrevistados sete enfermeiros e os dados tratados pela análise temática. Evidenciaram-se duas unidades temáticas: eixos teóricoconceituais estruturantes da consulta de enfermagem ginecológica na AB; e principais ações para prevenção primária e secundária do CCU. A consulta segue orientações do Caderno AB – Controle dos Cânceres do CU e da Mama, com ênfase na abordagem sindrômica. As ações de prevenção englobam educação em saúde e realização da colpocitologia oncótica. A prática deve ir além de tais ações, favorecendo a integralidade e a geração de impacto na incidência do CCU. Trata-se de um desafio na AB, que requer investimentos nos diversos recursos e na pesquisa.
ABSTRACT: This research aimed at analyzing the theoretical and conceptual frameworks of the gynecological nursing consultation at the Primary Health Care (PHC) as well as at discussing the main preventive approaches to Uterine Cervical Neoplasm (UCN). Descriptive and qualitative research, conducted at the University Hospital, in the city of Rio de Janeiro in 2011. Seven nurses were interviewed. Data were treated with thematic analysis. Two thematic units were outstanding: theoretical and conceptual frameworks of gynecological nursing consultation at the PHC; and key actions for primary and secondary prevention of UCN. Consultation complies with PHC guidelines for UC cancer and breast cancer control, with particular emphasis on the syndrome approach. Prevention actions include health education and Pap smear exams. Practice must go beyond those actions, favoring comprehensive care to women. Reality requires interventions that generate impact on the incidence of UCN. That’s a challenge in PHC, which requires investments in various funds and research.
RESUMEN: Tuvo como objetivos analizar la estructuración teórica y conceptual de la consulta de enfermería ginecológica en atención primaria (AP) y discutir los principales enfoques para prevención del cáncer de cuello uterino (CCU). Investigación descriptiva, cualitativa, realizada en Hospital Universitario, en la ciudad de Río de Janeiro en 2011-Brasil. Fueran entrevistados siete enfermeros y los datos procesados por el análisis temático. Dos temas se destacan: estructuración teórica y conceptual de la consulta de enfermería ginecológica; acciones para la prevención del CCU. La consulta sigue orientaciones del Cuaderno AP, con énfasis en el abordaje sindrómico. Las acciones de prevención engloban educación en salud y realización del examen papanicolau. La práctica debe ser más amplia y promover la atención integral, así como la reducción de la incidencia de CCU. Es un desafío en la AP, que requiere inversiones en muchos recursos y en investigación.
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