Orientações no pré-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca a pacientes idosos: revisão integrativa [Guidelines on pre-cardiac surgery for elderly patients: integrative review]
Keywords:
Período pré-operatório, idoso, educação em saúde, enfermagem [Preoperative period, aged, health education, nursing] [Periodo preoperatorio, anciano, educación en salud, enfermería]Abstract
Objetivou-se identificar e analisar quais as orientações pré-operatórias de cirurgia cardíaca fornecidas a pacientes idosos e quem são os profissionais da equipe de saúde responsáveis por elas. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de 13 estudos localizados em bases de dados eletrônicas, de 2001 a 2010, a partir dos descritores: educação em saúde, período pré-operatório, cuidados pré-operatórios, idoso, enfermagem. Algumas orientações são realizadas com maior frequência que outras, tais como: anestesia, ambiente cirúrgico, riscos, cuidados pós-operatórios, data de alta, sinais vitais, alergia, tricotomia, banho, joias, prótese dentária, roupas íntima, esmalte nas unhas, preparo gastrointestinal e jejum. O médico é o principal profissional responsável pelas orientações. Constatou-se que existem diferenças no preparo dos pacientes, sendo necessário reavaliar e reforçar a importância do papel do enfermeiro nesse cenário, criando possibilidades criativas e inovadoras de cuidado no período pré-operatório de cirurgias cardíacas de pacientes idosos.
ABSTRACT
The research aimed to identify and analyze the guidelines for preoperative cardiac surgery provided to elderly patients and who the professionals who conducted the procedure are. This is an integrative review of 13 studies in the electronic databases, 2001 to 2010, with the descriptors: health education, preoperative, preoperative care, senior, nursing. Some guidelines are carried out more frequently than other ones, such as: anesthesia, surgical environment, risks, postoperative care, date of discharge, vital signs, allergies, hair removal, bath, jewelry, dental prosthesis, underwear, fingernail polish on the nails, preparation and gastrointestinal fasting. The physician is the professional in charge of providing the guidelines. There are differences in the preparation of patients, being necessary to reassess and strengthen the important role of the nurse in such scenario, creating opportunities for creative and innovative care in the preoperative period of cardiac surgery in elderly patients.
RESUMEN
El objetivo fue identificar y examinar las orientaciones preoperatorias de cirugía cardíaca proporcionadas a pacientes ancianos y saber quienes son los profesionales que realizan esas orientaciones. Se realizó una revisión integradora de 13 estudios de las bases de datos electrónicas, de 2001 a 2010, con las palabras clave: educación en salud, período preoperatorio, cuidados preoperatorios, anciano, enfermería. Algunas orientaciones se realizan con más frecuencia, como: anestesia, médio ambiente quirúrgico, riesgos, cuidados postoperatorios, fecha de alta, signos vitales, alergias, depilación, baño, joyas, prótesis dental, ropa interior, esmalte en las uñas, preparación gastrointestinal y ayuno. El médico es el profesional responsable por la mayoría de las orientaciones. Existen diferencias en la preparación de los pacientes, por lo que es necesario evaluar y fortalecer el papel del enfermero en este espacio, con la creación de oportunidades creativas e innovadores en el cuidado preoperatorio de cirugías cardíacas en pacientes ancianos.
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