Apoio social percebido por puérperas e seus fatores associados [Social support as perceived by women in puerperium and associated factors] [Apoyo social percibido por puérperas y factores asociados]
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12957/reuerj.2022.69128Keywords:
Saúde da mulher, Período Pós-Parto, Apoio Social, Percepção Social [Women's Health, Postpartum Period, Social Support, Social Perception] [Salud de la Mujer, Periodo Posparto, Apoyo Social, Percepción Social]Abstract
Objetivo: identificar a prevalência dos tipos de apoio social percebido por puérperas e verificar a sua associação com as características socioeconômicas, comportamentais e experiência de vida. Método: estudo transversal realizado em uma maternidade de risco habitual de um município do Espírito Santo com 330 puérperas no ano de 2017. Foi aplicada a escala de Apoio Social Medical Outcomes Study em português. A medida de associação adotada foi a razão de prevalência e aplicado a regressão de Poisson ajustada. Estudo aprovado pelo comitê de ética. Resultados: o apoio social nas dimensões afetiva, emocional e de interação social positiva, foram os que apresentaram maiores escores, enquanto a dimensão de apoio material, o menor. Fatores socioeconômicos, comportamentais e experiência de violência estiveram associados ao apoio social recebido (p<0,05). Conclusão: profissionais envolvidos na assistência prestada a puérpera devem estar atentos às necessidades do apoio social como também conhecer a rede de apoio social da mulher.
ABSTRACT
Objective: to identify the types of social support perceived by puerperal women and examine their associations with socioeconomic, behavioral and life-experience characteristics. Method: this cross-sectional study with 330 postpartum women in a low-risk maternity hospital in a municipality of Espírito Santo State was conducted in 2017 using the scale of the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey in Portuguese. The measure of association was the prevalence ratio and adjusted Poisson regression was applied. The study was approved by the research ethics committee. Results: social support scored highest in the affective, emotional and positive social interaction dimensions; lowest in the material support dimension. Socioeconomic and behavioral factors, and having experienced violence were associated with the social received (p < 0.05). Conclusion: professionals involved in providing care to puerperal women should be attentive to social support needs and should learn these women's social support networks.
RESUMEN
Objetivo: identificar la prevalencia de los tipos de apoyo social recibido por puérperas y verificar su asociación con las características socioeconómicas, conductuales y experiencia de vida. Método: estudio transversal realizado en un hospital maternidad de riesgo habitual en un municipio de Espírito Santo junto a 330 puérperas, en 2017. Se aplicó la escala Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey. La medida de asociación adoptada fue la razón de prevalencia y se aplicó la regresión de Poisson ajustada. Estudio aprobado por el Comité de Ética en Investigación. Resultados: el apoyo social en las dimensiones afectiva, emocional y de interacción social positiva presentó las puntuaciones más altas, mientras que la dimensión apoyo material las más bajas. Factores socioeconómicos, conductuales y experiencia de violencia estuvieron asociados al apoyo recibido (p<0,05). Conclusión: los profesionales involucrados en la atención a la puérpera deben estar atentos a las necesidades del apoyo social, así como deben conocer la red de apoyo social de la mujer.
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