Sintomas preditivos de depressão em escolares em diferentes cenários sociodemográficos [Predictive symptoms of depression in schoolchildren in different sociodemographic scenarios]
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12957/reuerj.2016.6680Keywords:
Depressão infantil, desempenho escolar, prática educacional, enfermagem [Infantile depression, school performance, educational practice, nursing]Abstract
Objetivo: verificar sintomas preditivos de depressão em escolares de escolas pública e particular, segundo os diferentes cenários sociodemográficos. Método: estudo descritivo, transversal, de abordagem quantitativa. Participaram 126 adolescentes de duas escolas, uma pública e outra privada, do Rio Grande do Sul/Brasil, em 2012. Para tanto, utilizaram-se os instrumentos: Children Depression Inventory e questionário sociodemográfico. A análise dos dados baseou-se na estatística descritiva, teste quiquadrado, com o auxílio do software Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Resultados: os resultados apontam percentuais significativos de sintomas preditivos de depressão nos adolescentes de 6ª a 8ª séries (17,5%), com predomínio naqueles de escola pública. Conclusão: a depressão em crianças e adolescentes faz parte do cenário escolar e, para isso, é necessário que os profissionais envolvidos estejam atentos às questões de saúde, incluindo os sintomas depressivos, visando reduzir a ocorrência de depressão e construir estratégias de prevenção e de qualidade de vida desses indivíduos.
ABSTRACT
Objective: to examine symptoms predictive of depression in children at public and private schools, particularly by different sociodemographic scenarios. Method: this is a transverse, quantitative, descriptive study. Participants were 126 teenagers at one public and one private school in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, in 2012. Data were collected using the Children’s Depression Inventory and a sociodemographic questionnaire. Data analysis was based on descriptive statistics (chi-square), assisted by the Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Results: the results indicate significant percentages of symptoms predictive of depression in teenagers in grades 6 to 8 (17.5%), occurring more frequently in public school students. Conclusion: it was concluded that the depression in children and teenagers forms part of school life, requiring that people directly involved with schoolchildren be alert to symptoms of depression, in order to reduce the occurrence of depression and to construct prevention strategies and improve these individuals’ quality of life.
RESUMEN
Objetivo: identificar los síntomas predictores de depresión entre los estudiantes de las escuelas públicas y privadas, de acuerdo con los distintos escenarios sociodemográficos. Método: estudio descriptivo, transversal, con enfoque cuantitativo. Han participado 126 adolescentes de dos escuelas, una pública y otra privada del Rio Grande do Sul/Brasil, en 2012. Para ello, se han utilizado los siguientes instrumentos: Children Depression Inventory y cuestionario sociodemográfico. El análisis de los datos se basó en la estadística descriptiva, test Chi-cuadrado, con la ayuda del software Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Resultados: los resultados muestran un porcentaje significativo de los síntomas predictivos de depresión en adolescentes de 6º a 8º años (17,5%), en su mayoría oriundos de escuelas públicas. Conclusión: se concluye que la depresión en niños y adolescentes hace parte del escenario escolar y, por ello, es necesario que los profesionales involucrados estén atentos a las cuestiones de salud, incluyendo los síntomas depresivos, con vistas no sólo a reducir la incidencia de la depresión, sino también a desarrollar estrategias de prevención y de calidad de vida de esas personas.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/reuerj.2016.6680
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