Caracterização das infecções relacionadas à assistência à saúde em uma unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal [Characterization of infections related to health care in a neonatal intensive care unit]
Keywords:
Infecção hospitalar, enfermagem neonatal, unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal, vigilância epidemiológica [Cross infection, neonatal nursing, intensive care units, neonatal, epidemiologic surveillance]Abstract
Objetivou-se caracterizar as infecções neonatais relacionadas à assistência à saúde em uma unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal (UTIN) de uma maternidade escola de Natal, Rio Grande do Norte. O estudo é quantitativo, retrospectivo, do tipo documental e foi realizado por meio de um formulário aplicado a 70 prontuários de neonatos internados na UTIN em 2009. A taxa de infecção hospitalar anual foi de aproximadamente 14,6%, com um total de 100 casos de infecção, sendo 90% relacionados à corrente sanguínea. Foram considerados os fatores de risco ao neonato, destacando como intrínsecos o peso ao nascer e a idade gestacional no parto, e como extrínseco os procedimentos invasivos e a alta taxa de permanência hospitalar. Concluiu-se que as ocorrências de infecção foram mais frequentes em prematuros, com peso inferior a 1.500g, e o principal sítio de infecção foi a corrente sanguínea diagnosticada pela avaliação clínica e hematológica do paciente.
ABSTRACT
This study aimed to characterize neonatal infections related to health care in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of a maternity school. This is a quantitative, retrospective and documentary study and it was conducted through a questionnaire applied to 70 medical records of newborns hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit in 2009. The annual hospital infection rate was approximately 14.6%, with a total of 100 cases of infection, 90% related to the bloodstream. Were considered risk factors intrinsic and extrinsic to the neonate, highlighting as intrinsic factors, birth weight and gestational age at delivery, and as extrinsic factors, invasive procedures and the high rate of hospital permanence. It was concluded that the occurrence of infection was more frequent in premature infants weighing less than 1,500 g, and the primary site of infection on patient was the bloodstream, diagnosed by clinical and hematological parameters.
RESUMEN
Se objetivó caracterizar las infecciones neonatales relacionadas con el cuidado de la salud en una unidad de terapia intensiva neonatal (UTIN) de una maternidad escuela, en Natal – RN – Brasil. Estudio cuantitativo, retrospectivo, de tipo documental, realizado a través de un cuestionario aplicado a 70 registros médicos de recién nacidos ingresados en la UTIN em 2009. La tasa de infección hospitalaria anual fue de 14,6%, con un total de 100 casos de infección, de los cuales 90% corresponden a la circulación sanguínea. Fueron considerados los factores de riesgo al recién nacido, destacando como intrínsecos, el peso al nacer y la edad gestacional en el parto, y como extrínsecos los procedimientos invasivos y largo período de hospitalización. Se concluyó que la incidencia de infección fue más frecuente en los bebés prematuros que pesan menos de 1.500 g, y el sitio primario de infección fue la circulación sanguínea, diagnosticada mediante parámetros clínicos y hematológicos.
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