Desempenho escolar, comportamental e desenvolvimento cognitivo e emocional de crianças infectadas pelo HIV: estudo preliminar [School, emotional and behavioral performance of children infected by HIV: preliminary study]
Keywords:
HIV, criança, desenvolvimento infantil, psicologia [HIV, children, child development, psychology] [VIH, niño, desarrollo infantil, psicología]Abstract
O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o desempenho escolar, de comportamento e o desenvolvimento cognitivo e emocional de crianças infectadas pelo Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana (HIV) e crianças não infectadas. Crianças e adolescentes de 7 a 12 anos, sendo 15 crianças infectadas pelo HIV e 15 crianças sem doença crônica e seus respectivos cuidadores responderam aos instrumentos Teste de Desempenho Escolar (TDE), Questionário de Capacidades e Dificuldades da Criança (SDQ) e Teste do Desenho da Figura Humana (DFH). Os resultados mostraram que há diferenças quanto ao desenvolvimento cognitivo. Aquelas com HIV/ Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida (AIDS) apresentaram-se mais comprometidas. Na avaliação comportamental, os dois grupos diferiram entre si apenas no domínio relacionamento com colegas. Quanto ao desempenho escolar verificaram-se nos dois grupos desempenhos aquém do esperado. Os achados desta pesquisa fornecem subsídios para traçar estratégias de cuidados e assistência às crianças infectadas pelo HIV e, sobretudo, levantam aspectos a ser investigados em outros estudos.
ABSTRACT
The study aimed to evaluate the school performance and the cognitive and emotional development of children with HIV and non-carrier children. Participants were children and adolescents between 7 and 12 years of age. In total, 15 children with HIV/AIDS and 15 children without chronic diseases and their respective caregivers answered to the instruments School Performance Test (SPT), Children’s Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and Human Figure Drawing Test (HFDT). Results showed that there are differences regarding the cognitive development. Those with HIV/AIDS were more compromised. In the behavioral assessment, the two groups differed only in the domain relationship with colleagues. Regarding the school performance, results were lower than expected for both groups. The findings suggest the development of care strategies for HIV children, over all, highlight aspects to be investigated in other studies.
RESUMEN
Este estudio objetivó evaluar el desempeño escolar, de comportamiento y el desarrollo cognitivo y emocional de niños infectados por el VIH y de niños no infectados. Niños y adolescentes de 7 a 12 años, siendo 15 niños infectados por el VIH y 15 niños sin enfermedades crónicas y sus respectivos cuidadores respondieron a los instrumentos Test de Desempeño Escolar (TDE), Cuestionario de Capacidades y Dificultades del niño (SDQ), y Test del Dibujo de la Figura Humana (DFH). Resultados mostraron que existen diferencias en el desarrollo cognitivo. Personas con VIH/SIDA eran más comprometidas. En la evaluación del comportamiento, los dos grupos diferieron entre sí sólo en el dominio relación con sus colegas. Cuanto al desempeño escolar se observó en los dos grupos bajo desempeño. Los hallazgos de esta investigación fornecen los subsidios para estrategias de atención y asistencia a los niños infectados con VIH y, sobre todo, levantan aspectos a ser investigados en otros estudios.
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