Reações adversas relacionadas aos inibidores de checkpoint: uma revisão integrativa [Adverse reactions related to checkpoint inhibitors: an integrative review] [Reacciones adversas relacionadas a los inhibidores de checkpoint: una revisión integradora]
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12957/reuerj.2021.58363Keywords:
Enfermagem, Neoplasias, Imunoterapia, Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos, Toxicidade.Abstract
Objetivo: analisar as reações adversas nos pacientes oncológicos em uso de inibidores de checkpoint e sua prevalência. Método: revisão integrativa da literatura, utilizando a combinação de descritores “Imunoterapia” AND “Reação adversa” AND “Neoplasias”, no recorte temporal de cinco anos, incluindo as bases CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) e Cochrane. Resultados: foram encontrados 17 artigos, sendo 14 da base de dados MEDLINE e três da base de dados CINAHL, todos na língua inglesa. As principais reações adversas identificadas foram diarreia, colite, pneumonite, fadiga, rush, alterações hepáticas e endócrinas. Os artigos revelaram maiores prevalências dessas reações quando o tratamento está associado às medicações Nivolumabe e Ipilimumabe juntas, sendo observadas em cerca de 42% a 57% dos pacientes. Conclusão: com a rápida expansão do uso dos inibidores de checkpoint, uma terapêutica que aumenta a sobrevida desses pacientes, conhecer seus eventos adversos torna-se primordial para um cuidado de qualidade.
ABSTRACT
Objective: to examine for adverse reactions and determine their prevalence in cancer patients using checkpoint inhibitors. Method: this integrative literature review used a combination of the descriptors: “immunotherapy” AND "adverse reaction" AND “Neoplasms”, in a five-year time frame, in the MEDLINE and Cochrane databases. Results: seventeen articles, all in English, were found (14 in MEDLINE and three in CINAHL). The main adverse reactions identified were diarrhea, colitis, pneumonitis, fatigue, rush, hepatic, and endocrine changes. The articles revealed that, when the treatment involved Nivolumab and Ipilimumab together, prevalence of these reactions was higher (from 42% to 57% of patients). Conclusion: with the rapid expansion of the use of checkpoint inhibitors, a therapy that increases survival, knowing their adverse events becomes essential for quality care.
RESUMEN
Objetivo: analizar reacciones adversas en pacientes con cáncer, utilizando inhibidores de checkpoint y su prevalencia. Método: revisión integradora de la literatura, utilizando la combinación de descriptores “Inmunoterapia” y ‘Reacción adversa” y “Neoplasias”, en un recorte temporal de cinco años, incluyendo las bases de datos CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature y Cochrane. Resultados: se encontraron 17 artículos, siendo 14 de la base de datos MEDLINE y 3 de la base de datos CINAHL, todos en inglés. Las principales reacciones adversas identificadas fueron diarrea, colitis, neumonitis, fatiga, erupción cutánea, alteraciones hepáticas y endocrinas. Los artículos revelaron una mayor prevalencia de estas reacciones cuando el tratamiento se asocia con los medicamentos Nivolumab e Ipilimumab juntos, observándose en alrededor del 42% al 57% de los pacientes. Conclusión: con la rápida expansión del uso de inhibidores de checkpoint, una terapia que aumenta la sobrevida de esos pacientes, conocer sus eventos adversos se vuelve fundamental para una atención de calidad.
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