Assistência de enfermagem a gestantes usuárias de crack e cocaína: revisão integrativa [Nursing care for pregnant crack and cocaine users: an integrative review] [Asistencia de enfermería a embarazadas usuarias de crack y cocaína: revisión integradora]
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12957/reuerj.2021.56246Keywords:
Enfermagem, Gestação, Cocaína Crack, Cocaína, Redução de Dano.Abstract
Objetivo: identificar na literatura evidências relacionadas à assistência de enfermagem a gestantes usuárias de crack e cocaína nos serviços de saúde. Método: revisão integrativa realizada em julho de 2020, com publicações dos últimos dez anos nas bases de dados Embase (Medline e PubMed), PsycINFO, Scopus e Cinahl. Resultados: foram encontrados 49 artigos, sendo incluídos dois internacionais e quatro nacionais. Dentre os conceitos que fundamentam a assistência de enfermagem às gestantes usuárias de crack e cocaína destacam-se: acolhimento, vínculo e encaminhamentos a serviços especializados. Três estudos abordam o despreparo e desconhecimento do enfermeiro diante deste cuidado e constata-se a infrequência de atitudes consonantes com a política de saúde mental. Conclusão: o acompanhamento integral e sistematizado pelo enfermeiro durante o período gestacional é indispensável e necessita de aprimoramento na linha da redução de danos. Os achados sugerem estratégias diferenciadas para a assistência de enfermagem e reforçam as lacunas práticas e científicas relacionadas ao tema.
ABSTRACT
Objective: to identify, in the literature, evidence relating to nursing care for pregnant women crack and cocaine users in health services. Method: this integrative review was conducted in July 2020, with publications from the previous ten years in the Embase (Medline and PubMed), PsycINFO, Scopus, and Cinahl databases. Results: the search strategy found 49 research papers and included two international and four national studies. Among the concepts that underlie nursing care for pregnant women who use crack and cocaine, the following stand out: supportive reception, bonding, and referral to specialized services. Three studies addressed nurses' lack of preparedness and knowledge in providing such care, and attitudes aligned with mental health policy were found to be infrequent. Conclusion: systematic, comprehensive monitoring by nurses is essential during the gestational period and the harm reduction component needs improvement. The findings recommend differentiated nursing care strategies and underline the gaps in the practice and science relating to this issue.
RESUMEN
Objetivo: identificar en la literatura evidencias relacionadas con la atención de enfermería a embarazadas que consumen crack y cocaína en los servicios de salud. Método: revisión integradora realizada en julio de 2020, con publicaciones de los últimos diez años en las bases de datos Embase (Medline y PubMed), PsycINFO, Scopus y Cinahl. Resultados: se encontraron 49 artículos, siendo dos internacionales y cuatro nacionales. Entre los conceptos que sustentan la atención de enfermería a las embarazadas usuarias crack y cocaína, destacan: acogida, vinculación y derivación a servicios especializados. Tres estudios abordan la falta de preparación y el desconocimiento de los enfermeros en cuanto a esta atención. Se constata también la falta de actitudes alineadas con la política de salud mental. Conclusión: el seguimiento integral y sistemático por parte de enfermeros durante el período gestacional es fundamental y necesita perfeccionamiento en la reducción de daños. Los hallazgos sugieren estrategias de asistencia de enfermería diferenciadas y refuerzan las brechas prácticas y científicas relacionadas con el tema.Downloads
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