Sofrimento laboral e estratégias de defesa referidas por técnicas de enfermagem de maternidades públicas [Distress at work and defensive strategies reported by nursing technicians at public maternity hospitals] [El sufrimiento laboral y las estrategias de defensa mencionadas por las técnicas en enfermería de maternidades públicas]
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12957/reuerj.2021.54601Keywords:
Enfermagem, Trabalho, Saúde Ocupacional, Condições de Trabalho.Abstract
Objetivo: analisar as vivências de sofrimento e as estratégias de defesa referidas por técnicas de enfermagem em maternidades públicas. Método: pesquisa qualitativa, exploratória e descritiva, com 11 técnicas de enfermagem de maternidades públicas do Rio de Janeiro. Os dados foram coletados em maio de 2019, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, submetidos à análise de conteúdo temática e discutidos à luz da Psicodinâmica do Trabalho. Resultados: os relatos apontam para condições laborais geradoras de desgaste e sofrimento, que repercutem na saúde das participantes. Diante disso, elas elaboram estratégias defensivas individuais, como isolamento emocional, soluções criativas, espiritualidade, religiosidade e momentos de lazer. Na perspectiva coletiva, recorrem a períodos de conversa e ao apoio mútuo no turno laboral. Conclusão: as estratégias defensivas referidas são relevantes para lidar com o sofrimento e atender às demandas do trabalho, mas parecem não evitar o adoecimento nem promover mudanças no contexto laboral das maternidades.
ABSTRACT
Objective: to examine experiences of distress and related defensive strategies reported by nursing technicians at public maternity hospitals. Method: in this exploratory, qualitative, descriptive study of 11 nursing technicians from public maternity hospitals in Rio de Janeiro, data were collected in May 2019 by semi-structured interviews, subjected to thematic content analysis, and discussed in the light of the Psychodynamics of Work. Results: the reports point to wearing and distressing working conditions, which affected participants’ health. In response, they developed individual defensive strategies, such as emotional isolation, creative solutions, spirituality, religiosity, and moments of leisure. Collectively, they resort to periods of conversation and mutual support during shifts. Conclusion: the defensive strategies reported are important in coping with suffering and meeting work demands, but they do not seem to prevent illness nor promote changes in the maternity hospital work environment.
RESUMEN
Objetivo: analizar las experiencias de sufrimiento y las estrategias de defensa mencionadas por técnicas de enfermería en maternidades públicas. Método: investigación cualitativa, exploratoria y descriptiva, junto a 11 técnicas de enfermería de maternidades públicas de Rio de Janeiro. Los datos se recopilaron en mayo de 2019, por medio de entrevistas semiestructuradas. Luego se sometieron a un análisis de contenido temático y se discutieron a la luz de la Psicodinámica del Trabajo. Resultados: los relatos apuntan hacia condiciones laborales que generan desgaste y sufrimiento y que afectan la salud de las participantes. Por tanto, desarrollan estrategias defensivas individuales como: aislamiento emocional, soluciones creativas, espiritualidad, religiosidad y momentos de ocio. Desde una perspectiva colectiva, recurren a las conversaciones y al apoyo mutuo durante la jornada laboral. Conclusión: las estrategias defensivas mencionadas son relevantes para enfrentar el sufrimiento y satisfacer las demandas del trabajo, pero no parecen prevenir enfermedades ni promover cambios en el contexto laboral de las maternidades.
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