Localização das lacerações perineais no parto normal em mulheres primíparas [Locus of perineal lacerations in vaginal birth among primiparous women]
Keywords:
Parto, períneo, lacerações, enfermagem obstétrica [Parturition, perineum, lacerations, nurse-midwifery] [Parto, perineo, laceraciones, enfermería obstétrica]Abstract
Estudo de tipo transversal, cujo objetivo foi analisar a distribuição das lacerações vulvo-perineais e os fatores relacionados à sua localização nas regiões anterior e posterior do períneo no parto normal. A amostra foi constituída por 317 primíparas que tiveram parto normal sem episiotomia e apresentaram laceração perineal. Os dados foram coletados em dois centros de parto normal, nas cidades de São Paulo e Itapecerica da Serra, Estado de São Paulo, no período de 2001 a 2012, e integram o banco de dados de cinco subprojetos vinculados ao projeto Trauma perineal no parto normal: prevenção, morbidade e cuidados. Houve predomínio de lacerações na região posterior do períneo. Não houve diferença estatística significante em relação ao local da laceração perineal e a posição materna no parto, variedade de posição no desprendimento cefálico, circular de cordão umbilical e peso do recém-nascido, porém houve diferença significante em relação ao tipo de puxo.
ABSTRACT
Cross-sectional study, aiming at analyzing the distribution of vulvo-perineal lacerations and factors related to its location in anterior and posterior region of perineum in spontaneous birth. Sample was comprised of 317 women who had vaginal delivery without episiotomy and with perineal laceration. Data were collected in two centers of normal birth, in the cities of São Paulo and Itapecerica da Serra, in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, from 2001 to 2012. It integrates the database of five subprojects under the Perineal trauma in normal birth: prevention, morbidity and care project. There was predominance of lacerations in the posterior perineum region. There was no statistically significant difference in relation to the location of the perineal laceration and the maternal position during delivery, variety of fetal head position in the detachment, umbilical cord circular, and weight of the new-born, but there was significant difference concerning the kind of pushing.
RESUMEN
Estudio transversal, cuyo objetivo fue analizar la distribución vulvo-perineal de las laceraciones y los factores relacionados con su localización en el parto normal. La muestra consistió de 317 mujeres primíparas que tuvieron parto normal sin episiotomía y presentaron laceración perineal. Los datos fueron recolectados en dos centros de parto normal, en las ciudades de São Paulo e Itapecerica da Serra, Estado de São Paulo – Brasil, de 2001 a 2012, y forman parte de la base de datos de cinco sub-proyectos relacionados al proyecto Trauma perineal en el parto normal: prevención, morbilidad y cuidados. Hubo predominio de laceraciones en la región posterior del perineo. No hubo diferencia estadísticamente significativa en relación a la localización de la laceración perineal y la posición materna durante el parto, variedad de posición en la cabeza fetal en el desprendimiento, circular de cordón umbilical y peso del recién nacido, pero hubo diferencia significativa en relación al tipo de pujo.
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