Impactos do estresse na exposição ocupacional de bombeiros: revisão integrativa [Impacts of stress on occupational exposure of firefighters: an integrative review] [Impactos del estrés en la exposición ocupacional de los bomberos: una revisión integradora]
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12957/reuerj.2020.52825Keywords:
Bombeiros, Exposição Ocupacional, Estresse Psicológico, Estresse Ocupacional.Abstract
Objetivo: identificar os impactos na saúde mental de bombeiros relacionados ao estresse da exposição ocupacional. Método: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura nas bases de dados CINAHL (EBSCO), PsycINFO, MEDLINE®, LILACS, Web of Science, Scopus e SCIELO. Para a estratégia de busca utilizou-se os descritores: “Occupational Stress”, “Firefighters”, “Occupational Exposure”. Como critérios de inclusão estabeleceu-se: artigos originais; entre os anos de 2009 e 2019; disponíveis completos; estudos transversais; nos idiomas português, inglês e/ou espanhol; e cuja população de estudo incluíssem bombeiros. Resultados: nessa revisão foram analisados 11 artigos. Evidenciou-se que a exposição de bombeiros impactou o desencadeamento de sintomas de depressão e transtorno de estresse pós-traumático. Conclusão: as evidências deste estudo demonstraram que a exposição ocupacional de bombeiros interfere no seu padrão de saúde mental causando estresse por meio do sofrimento psíquico. Este estudo alerta para a necessidade de intervenção e promoção à saúde do bombeiro.
ABSTRACT
Objective: to identify mental health impacts of occupational exposure-related stress among firefighters. Method: this integrative literature review searched the CINAHL (EBSCO), PsycINFO, MEDLINE®, LILACS, Web of Science, Scopus and SCIELO databases, suing the descriptors: “Occupational Stress”, “Firefighters”, “Occupational Exposure”. The inclusion criteria were: original articles; between the years 2009 and 2019; full text available; cross-sectional studies; in Portuguese, English and/or Spanish; and whose study population included firefighters. Results: 11 articles were analyzed. Firefighters’ exposure was found to impact the triggering of depressive symptoms and post-traumatic stress disorder. Conclusion: the evidence in this study demonstrated that firefighters’ occupational exposure interferes with their mental health patterns, causing stress through psychological suffering. This study warns of the need for intervention and promotion of firefighters’ health.
RESUMEN
Objetivo: identificar los impactos en la salud mental del estrés relacionado con la exposición ocupacional entre los bomberos. Método: esta revisión integradora de la literatura buscó en las bases de datos CINAHL (EBSCO), PsycINFO, MEDLINE®, LILACS, Web of Science, Scopus y SCIELO, demandando los descriptores: “Estrés ocupacional”, “Bomberos”, “Exposición ocupacional”. Los criterios de inclusión fueron: artículos originales; entre los años 2009 y 2019; Texto completo disponible; estudios transversales; en portugués, inglés y / o español; y cuya población de estudio incluyó bomberos. Resultados: se analizaron 11 artículos. Se descubrió que la exposición de los bomberos afecta la activación de síntomas depresivos y el trastorno de estrés postraumático. Conclusión: la evidencia de este estudio demostró que la exposición ocupacional de los bomberos interfiere con sus patrones de salud mental, provocando estrés a través del sufrimiento psicológico. Este estudio advierte de la necesidad de intervención y promoción de la salud de los bomberos.
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