A moral e o pensamento crítico: competências essenciais à formação do enfermeiro [Morality and critical thinking: essential competences in nurses’ training] [La moral y el pensamiento crítico: habilidades esenciales a la formación del enfermero]
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12957/reuerj.2017.26391Keywords:
Enfermagem, desenvolvimento moral, educação baseada em competências, pensamento.Abstract
Objetivo: refletir sobre a moral e o pensamento crítico enquanto competências a serem desenvolvidas durante a formação do enfermeiro. Conteúdo: discute-se quatro categorias temáticas previamente estabelecidas: a ética e a moral ou moralidade; o desenvolvimento moral, na perspectiva de Kohlberg; uma aproximação ao pensamento crítico; e a moralidade e o pensamento crítico – competências a serem desenvolvidas durante a formação do enfermeiro. Conclusão: o estudo possibilitou compreender que o pensamento crítico e o pensamento ético/moral possibilitam um agir competente, evidenciando a necessidade de repensar os currículos dos cursos de graduação em enfermagem de modo a implementar metodologias e estratégias ativas, inovadoras e criativas de ensino, a partir de um compromisso assumido pelos docentes que, além de estimular os discentes a refletir crítica e moralmente, deverão também incentivá-los a se sentirem copartícipes do processo de ensinar e aprender.
ABSTRACT
Objective: to reflect on morality and critical thinking as competences to be developed during nursing training. Content: four previously specified thematic categories were discussed: ethics and moral or morality; moral development from Kohlberg’s perspective; an approximation to critical thinking; and morality and critical thinking – all competences to be developed during nurses’ training. Conclusion: critical and ethical/moral thinking makes it possible to act competently. This reveals a need to rethink undergraduate nursing courses in order to implement active, innovative and creative methodologies and strategies, drawing on a commitment by academic staff not only to stimulate students to think critically and morally, but encourage them to feel that they are co-participants in the teaching and learning process.
RESUMEN
Objetivo: reflexionar sobre la moral y el pensamiento crítico como habilidades a ser desarrolladas durante la formación del enfermero. Contenido: se discuten cuatro categorías temáticas previamente planteadas: la ética y la moral o moralidad; el desarrollo moral, desde la perspectiva de Kohlberg; una aproximación al pensamiento crítico; y la moralidad y el pensamiento crítico – habilidades a ser desarrolladas durante la formación del enfermero. Conclusión: el estudio posibilitó comprender que el pensamiento crítico y el pensamiento ético/moral permiten un actuar competente, evidenciando la necesidad de repensar los curricula de los cursos de pregrado en enfermería de modo a implementar metodologías y estrategias activas, innovadoras y creativas de enseñanza, desde un compromiso asumido por los profesores que, además de estimular a los alumnos a reflexionar crítica y moralmente, deberán también incentivarlos a sentirse copartícipes del proceso de enseñar y aprender.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/reuerj.2017.26391
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