Proxêmica e cinésica como recursos comunicacionais entre o profissional de saúde e o idoso hospitalizado [Proxemics and kinetics as communication resources between health professionals and the hospitalized elderly]
Keywords:
comunicação não verbal, comportamento espacial, cinésica, geriatria [Nonverbal communication, spatial behavior, kinesics, geriatrics] [Comunicación no verbal, conducta espacial, geriatría]Abstract
Estudo exploratório de campo com o objetivo de identificar os mecanismos de invasão do espaço pessoal e da territorialidade do idoso hospitalizado e os gestos e posturas corporais do profissional de saúde aplicados a favor dessa interação. Desenvolvido em hospitais no interior paulista, em 2009, com 117 participantes de uma capacitação em comunicação não verbal em gerontologia. Os resultados, diante dos mecanismos de invasão do território no cuidado com o idoso, foram 89,7% de ações de invasão, 38,5% de contaminação e 38,5% de violação. Os gestos e posturas corporais, avaliados favoravelmente à interação com o idoso, foram agrupados em: funções e significados (64,1%); pertinência situacional (43,6%) e expressão de sentimentos (35,0%). Conclui-se que a invasão foi o mecanismo mais citado contra preservação da territorialidade do idoso, justificada pela negligência de autorização prévia para manipulação de pertences ou do próprio corpo e de permissão de pessoas estranhas ou em quantitativo que superlote seu território.Abstract: This exploratory field work aimed at identifying mechanisms of personal space invasion and territorial perception related to the hospitalized elderly. It also examines health professionals’ body postures and gestures deemed as favorable interaction between said professionals and the elderly. The study was conducted in hospitals located in the São Paulo state countryside (Brazil), with 117 attendants to a capacity building program on nonverbal communication in Gerontology. Results showed that territorial invasion-related mechanisms encompassed invasion (89.7%), contamination (38.5%), and violation actions (38.5%). Body posture and gestures deemed as favorable to interacting with the elderly were grouped as follows: functions and meanings (64.1%), situational applicability (43.6%), and expression of feelings (35.0%). Conclusively, invasion was reported to be the most common territorial invasion mechanism against the elderly. It stems from the failure in seeking previous consent to handle patients’ belongings or body parts as well as allowing strangers or too many people to enter the elderly’s personal territory.
Resumen: Estudio exploratorio de campo con el objetivo de identificar los mecanismos de invasión del espacio personal y de la territorialidad del anciano hospitalizado y los gestos y posturas corporales del profesional de salud aplicados a favor de esa interacción. Desarrollado en hospitales en interior del Estado de São Paulo-SP-Brasil, en 2009, con 117 participantes de una capacitación en comunicación no verbal en gerontología. Los resultados, delante de los mecanismos de invasión del territorio en el cuidado con el anciano, fueron 89,7% de acciones de invasión, 38,5% de contaminación y 38,5% de violación. Los gestos y posturas corporales, evaluados favorablemente a la interacción con el anciano, fueron agrupados en: funciones y significados (64,1%); pertinencia situacional (43,6%) y expresión de sentimientos (35,0%). Se concluye que la invasión fue el mecanismo más citado contra preservación de la territorialidad del anciano, justificada por la negligencia de autorización previa para manipulación de pertenencias o del propio cuerpo y de autorización de personas extrañas o en cuantitativo que superpoble su territorio.
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