Avaliação do risco de úlcera por pressão em UTI e assistência preventiva de enfermagem [Pressure ulcer risk assessment in intensive care unit: preventive nursing care]
Keywords:
Úlcera por pressão, assistência, enfermagem, unidade de terapia intensiva [Pressure ulcer, care, nursing, intensive care unit] [Úlcera por presión, asistencia, enfermería, unidad de terapia intensiva]Abstract
Pesquisa transversal, prospectiva, como objetivo de identificar os pacientes com risco de desenvolver úlcera por pressão (UPP) em unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI) por meio da Escala de Braden e relacionar esses escores com a assistência de enfermagem na sua prevenção. Foi realizada em três UTIs de adulto, em São José do Rio Preto –SP, no período de julho a dezembro de 2010, com a classificação de riscos (baixo, moderado e alto) e a checagem da assistência prestada por meio de observação sistematizada de 190 pacientes/leitos. Houve prevalência de pacientes com risco moderado e idade média de 54,35 anos. A relação entre a classificação de risco e as medidas preventivas não estavam condizentes com os escores encontrados, sendo a mudança de decúbito e o uso de coxins, os cuidados menos observados. Conclui-se que a Escala de Braden é necessária e deve subsidiar a assistência de enfermagem na prevenção de UPP em UTI.
ABSTRACT
This prospective, cross-sectional study aimed to identify patients at risk of developing pressure ulcers in an intensive care unit (ICU). This was done using Braden Scale scores, which were then related to the nursing care performed in ulcer prevention. The research was carried out in three adult intensive care units from July through December 2010, using risk classification (low, moderate, and high) and patient care evaluation by systematic observation of 190 patients/beds. Patients were predominantly moderate risk with a mean age of 54.35 years. Relations between risk assessment and preventive measures were not consistent with the scores found. The care procedures least observed were decubitus change and use of pads. It was concluded that the Braden Scale is necessary and can inform nursing care to prevent pressure ulcers in the ICU.
RESUMEN
Investigación transversal, prospectiva, con el objetivo de identificar los pacientes con riesgo de desarrollar úlcera por presión (UPP) en unidad de terapia intensiva (UTI) por medio de la Escala de Braden y relacionar esos puntajes con la asistencia de enfermería en su prevención. Fue realizada en tres UTI de adulto, en São José do Rio Preto –SP – Brasil, en el periodo de julio a diciembre de 2010, con la clasificación de riesgos (bajo, moderado y alto) y la conferencia de la asistencia prestada por medio de observación sistematizada de 190 pacientes/camas. Hubo prevalencia de pacientes con riesgo moderado y edad media de 54,35 años. La relación entre la clasificación de riesgo y las medidas de prevención no fue coherente con los puntajes encontrados, siendo el cambio de decúbito y el uso de cojines, los cuidados menos observados. Se concluye que la Escala de Braden es necesaria y debe dar soporte a la asistencia de enfermería en la prevención de UPP en UTI.
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