Hepatite B em profissionais de enfermagem: prevalência e fatores ocupacionais de risco [Hepatitis B in nursing professionals: prevalence and occupational risk factors]
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12957/reuerj.2016.11143Keywords:
Saúde do trabalhador, fatores de risco, vacinas contra hepatite B, marcadores biológicos.Abstract
Objetivos: estimar a prevalência e investigar os fatores de riscos associados à infecção pelo vírus da hepatite B (HBV) em profissionais de enfermagem de um hospital universitário. Método: estudo descritivo, realizado num hospital público, localizado em Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Entre 2011 e 2012, 275 profissionais de enfermagem, incluindo enfermeiros (n=40), técnicos (n=113) e auxiliares de enfermagem (n=122) foram entrevistados e submetidos à coleta de sangue para detecção dos marcadores sorológicos da infecção pelo HBV, pelo Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática (ELISA). Estudo aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa, protocolo nº 2154/2011. Resultados: a prevalência global para infecção pelo HBV foi de 11,6% (IC: 95%: 0,1-0,6). A presença do marcador anti-HB isolado, que sugere imunidade vacinal, foi detectada em 63,7% dos participantes. Conclusão: percebeu-se a necessidade da implantação de estratégias eficientes para o delineamento de ações diagnósticas, educativas, profiláticas e assistenciais visando à prevenção e controle da infecção pelo HBV nestes profissionais.
ABSTRACT
Objectives: to estimate the prevalence of infection by Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) among nursing staff at a university hospital and to investigate related occupational risk factors. Method: this descriptive, exploratory study was performed at a large public hospital in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. From 2011 to 2012, 275 nursing professionals, including nurses (n=40), nursing technicians (n=113) and nursing auxiliaries (n=122), were interviewed and underwent blood sampling for detection of serological markers of HBV infection by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Results: overall prevalence of HBV infection was 11.6% (CI 95%: 0.1-0.6). The isolated anti-HBs marker, suggesting vaccine immunity, was detected in 63.7% of participants. Conclusion: it is necessary to implement effective strategies for designing diagnostic, education, prophylactic and healthcare measures for the prevention and control of HBV infection in these professionals.
RESUMEN
Objetivos: estimar la prevalencia e investigar los factores asociados con la infección por el Virus de la Hepatitis B (HBV) en profesionales de enfermería de un hospital universitario. Método: estudio descriptivo-exploratorio se llevó a cabo en un hospital público, ubicado en Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Entre 2011 y 2012, 275 profesionales de enfermería, incluyendo enfermeros (n=40), técnicos (n=113) y auxiliares de enfermería (n=122), fueron entrevistados y toma de muestras de sangre fueron sometidos para la detección de marcadores serológicos de infección por el VHB por medio de Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática (ELISA). Resultados: La prevalencia global de la infección por el HBV fue de 11,6% (IC: 95%: 0,1-0,6). La presencia del marcador anti-HBs aislado, lo que sugiere la inmunidad de la vacuna, se detectó en 63,7% de los participantes. Conclusión: existe la necesidad de implementación de estrategias de diagnóstico, educación, prevención y atención más eficiente para la prevención y control de la infección por el VHB en estos profesionales.
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