Fatores de risco para delirium pós-operatório em adultos na terapia intensiva: revisão de escopo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12957/reuerj.2025.84901Palavras-chave:
Enfermagem de Cuidados Críticos, Cuidados Pós-Operatórios, Delirium, Fatores de Risco, RevisãoResumo
Objetivo: mapear os fatores de risco para delirium pós-operatório em adultos nas terapias intensivas. Método: revisão de escopo realizada conforme preconizado pelo Joanna Briggs Institute, em seis bases de dados, em dezembro de 2024 e sem restrição idiomática. Resultados: foram incluídos 53 estudos que evidenciaram fatores de risco em fases perioperatórias. Os fatores estão relacionados as características individuais, procedimentos anestésico-cirúrgicos e cuidados pós-operatórios. A idade avançada foi o fator mais consistente. No pré-operatório, sexo masculino e comorbidades foram relevantes. No intraoperatório, cirurgias urgentes, transfusões e tipo de anestesia se destacam. Já no pós-operatório foram enfatizados: gravidade, ventilação mecânica e elevação de marcadores inflamatórios. Conclusão: o mapeamento dos fatores de risco evidenciou predomínio de condições imutáveis durante o pré-operatório, enquanto procedimentos cirúrgicos e fase pós-operatória apresentaram fatores modificáveis. Assim, esta revisão favorece a identificação precoce dos fatores de risco e condições passíveis de intervenções de enfermagem em fases perioperatórias distintas.
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