Construções simbólicas do tratamento de pessoas que vivem com o HIV/AIDS entre enfermeiros [Nurses’ symbolic construction of treatment for people living with HIV/AIDS]
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12957/reuerj.2015.13191Keywords:
Tratamento, HIV/AIDS, representação social, enfermeiro [Treatment, social representation, nurse] [Tratamiento, VIH/SIDA, representación social, enfermero]Abstract
A Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida (AIDS) no Brasil encontra-se disseminada em diferentes grupos populacionais, determinando construções sociocognitivas frente ao tratamento. O estudo objetivou analisar as representações sociais de enfermeiros sobre tratamento de pessoas que vivem com o Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana (HIV)/AIDS. Estudo qualitativo, realizado em 2010, em hospital público universitário no Rio de Janeiro, com 20 enfermeiros que responderam a entrevistas semiestruturadas, submetidas à análise de conteúdo temático-categorial. Observou-se uma rede de representações entre os enfermeiros na qual o tratamento da pessoa que vive com HIV/AIDS é reconhecido nas suas dimensões física, psicossocial e relacional, a partir de categorias que não se reduzem à terapia medicamentosa, incorporando os cuidados clínicos e físicos, os sentimentos, as facetas social, relacional e psicológica do tratamento. As representações sociais do tratamento assumem um papel importante no cenário do cuidado em saúde e compreendem as ações reconhecidas pelos enfermeiros para o controle da AIDS, participando da determinação das práticas de cuidado desenvolvidas.
ABSTRACT
AIDS is present in different population groups in Brazil, determining socio-cognitive constructions as regards treatment. This qualitative study analyzed nurses’ social representations of treatment for people living with HIV/AIDS by semi-structured interview of 20 nurses at a public university hospital in 2010 in Rio de Janeiro, and analysis of the transcripts for thematic content. There was a network of representations among the nurses in which treatment for people living with HIV/AIDS was recognized in its physical, psychosocial and relational dimensions, on the basis of categories that do not reduce to drug therapy, but include clinical and physical care, feelings, and social, relational and psychological aspects of treatment. Social representations of treatment play an important role in the care setting: they encompass the actions recognized by nurses to control AIDS, and thus participate in determining the care practices applied.
RESUMEN
La Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida (SIDA) en Brasil está difundida en medio a diferentes grupos de la población, determinando construcciones sociocognitivas ante el tratamiento. El estudio tuvo el objetivo de analizar las representaciones sociales de enfermeros sobre el tratamiento de personas que viven con el Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida (VIH)/SIDA. Estudio cualitativo, desarrollado en 2010, en un hospital público universitario de Rio de Janeiro-Brasil, junto a 20 enfermeros que contestaron entrevistas semiestructuradas, analizadas a través de la técnica de análisis de contenido temático y categorial. Los resultados muestran una red de representaciones entre los enfermeros en la que el tratamiento de la persona que vive con VIH/SIDA se reconoce en sus dimensiones física, psicosocial y relacional, a partir de categorías que no se reducen a la terapia medicamentosa, sino que incorporan los cuidados clínicos y físicos, los sentimientos y las facetas social, relacional y psicológica del tratamiento. Las representaciones sociales del tratamiento juegan un papel importante en el cuidado en salud e incorporan las acciones reconocidas por los enfermeros para el control del SIDA, además de participar en la determinación de las prácticas de atención desarrolladas.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/reuerj.2015.13191
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