questioning techniques in a philosophical group-discussion scaffolding estonian preschoolers critical thinking and reasoning

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.12957/childphilo.2026.92728

Palabras clave:

filosofía para niños, técnicas de interrogatorio, razonamiento, pensamiento crítico, preescolar

Resumen

En un mundo en rápida evolución y cambio, necesitamos cada vez más pensadores flexibles y críticos. El pensamiento crítico es una piedra angular de la educación y una necesidad para toda actividad humana. Uno de los problemas crecientes en una sociedad cada vez más digitalizada es la pérdida constante de diálogo y debate reflexivo en el proceso de aprendizaje. En la práctica pedagógica, el pensamiento crítico se ejerce eficazmente mediante el debate y el cuestionamiento. La discusión filosófica con el apoyo del programa Filosofía para Niños es una buena manera de apoyar el pensamiento crítico y la capacidad de razonamiento de los niños en edad preescolar. El objetivo de este estudio cualitativo de seguimiento era describir diferentes técnicas de cuestionamiento durante grupos de discusión utilizando el programa Filosofía para Niños con el fin de apoyar el razonamiento de los preescolares estonios. Los datos se recogieron durante un período de 8 meses a través de discusiones filosóficas en grupo con niños de cinco a seis años, con 20 observaciones de cinco grupos (N=58). Las transcripciones de las discusiones de grupo se analizaron mediante análisis cualitativo. Los resultados indicaron que las funciones de las preguntas abiertas y cerradas del moderador variaban en función de las respuestas y el comportamiento de los niños. Se describen ocho funciones para preguntas abiertas y cinco funciones con cinco funciones paralelas para preguntas cerradas. Algunas preguntas cerradas pueden fomentar un pensamiento de mayor nivel en los casos en que incitan a los niños a comparar, dudar o explicar. Se preparó un modelo para formular preguntas en debates grupales, que proporcionaban directrices para formular preguntas de manera intencionada, basándose en la función de la pregunta anterior y la respuesta del niño. La comprensión informada de las técnicas de formulación de preguntas es útil para identificar cómo los profesores de preescolar pueden ayudar a los niños durante los debates en grupo.



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Biografía del autor/a

egle säre, university of tartu, faculty of social sciences, institute of education

Egle Säre received her PhD in Educational Sciences from the University of Tartu and her thesis topic is Developing the reasoning skills of pre-schoolers through Philosophy for Children. She is currently working as a lecturer at the Institute of Education at the University of Tartu. Her research interests are related to pedagogy and teachers' professional development. She studies how to develop students' verbal reasoning skills by applying questioning techniques during philosophical group discussions according to the Philosophy for Children (P4wC) programme.

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Publicado

2026-01-26

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artículos