questioning techniques in a philosophical group-discussion scaffolding estonian preschoolers critical thinking and reasoning

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.12957/childphilo.2026.92728

Palavras-chave:

filosofia para crianças, técnicas de questionamento, raciocínio, pensamento crítico, pré-escola

Resumo

Em um mundo em rápida mudança e evolução, precisamos de pensadores cada vez mais flexíveis e críticos. O pensamento crítico é a base da educação e uma necessidade para todas as atividades humanas. Um dos problemas crescentes em uma sociedade cada vez mais digital é a perda constante do diálogo e da discussão reflexiva no processo de aprendizagem. Na prática pedagógica, o pensamento crítico é exercido de forma eficaz por meio de discussões e questionamentos. A discussão filosófica com o apoio do programa Filosofia para Crianças é uma boa maneira de apoiar o pensamento crítico e as habilidades de raciocínio das crianças em idade pré-escolar. O objetivo deste estudo qualitativo de acompanhamento foi descrever diferentes técnicas de questionamento durante a discussão em grupo utilizando o programa Filosofia para Crianças a fim de apoiar o raciocínio de pré-escolares estonianos. Os dados foram coletados durante um período de 8 meses por meio de discussões filosóficas em grupo envolvendo crianças de cinco a seis anos de idade, com 20 observações de cinco grupos (N=58). As transcrições das discussões em grupo foram analisadas por meio de análise qualitativa. Os resultados indicaram que as funções das perguntas abertas e fechadas de um líder de discussão variavam de acordo com as respostas e o comportamento das crianças. São descritas oito funções para perguntas abertas e cinco funções com cinco funções paralelas para perguntas fechadas. Algumas perguntas fechadas podem estimular o raciocínio de nível superior nos casos em que levam as crianças a comparar, hesitar ou explicar. Foi elaborado um modelo para fazer perguntas em discussões em grupo, fornecendo orientações para fazer perguntas de maneira objetiva, com base na função da pergunta anterior e na resposta da criança. A compreensão informada das técnicas de questionamento é útil para identificar como os professores do jardim de infância podem apoiar as crianças durante as discussões em grupo.

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Biografia do Autor

egle säre, university of tartu, faculty of social sciences, institute of education

Egle Säre received her PhD in Educational Sciences from the University of Tartu and her thesis topic is Developing the reasoning skills of pre-schoolers through Philosophy for Children. She is currently working as a lecturer at the Institute of Education at the University of Tartu. Her research interests are related to pedagogy and teachers' professional development. She studies how to develop students' verbal reasoning skills by applying questioning techniques during philosophical group discussions according to the Philosophy for Children (P4wC) programme.

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Publicado

2026-01-26

Edição

Seção

artigos