Imunização e contextos geográficos: revisão sobre fatores de baixa cobertura vacinal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12957/reuerj.2025.90570Palavras-chave:
Vacinação, Cobertura Vacinal, Hesitação Vacinal, Barreiras ao Acesso aos Cuidados de SaúdeResumo
Objetivo: identificar fatores que influenciam a cobertura vacinal em diferentes contextos geográficos. Métodos: revisão integrativa da literatura nas bases BVS, PubMed e CAPES incluindo documentos de (2022 a 2024. Resultados: os achados foram agrupados em três áreas: (1) fatores demográficos e socioeconômicos (baixa renda, escolaridade, gênero, etnia, religião); (2) conhecimentos e atitudes dos cuidadores (lacunas na compreensão, desconfiança); (3) barreiras de acesso (distância, horários, falta de orientação). A maioria dos estudos foi transversal, concentrando-se nos Estados Unidos, China e Etiópia, com baixa representação da América Latina. Conclusão: a interconexão entre os fatores exige abordagens holísticas e políticas públicas direcionadas para melhorar a cobertura vacinal. A enfermagem emerge como estratégica para educação em saúde, combate à desinformação e fortalecimento do vínculo com a comunidade. As limitações metodológicas e geográficas desta revisão ressaltam a necessidade de pesquisas longitudinais, qualitativas e multicêntricas, especialmente em regiões sub-representadas, para subsidiar intervenções mais eficazes e equitativas.
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