Representações sociais de enfermeiras sobre a infecção hospitalar: implicações para o cuidar prevencionista [Nurses on social representation of hospital infection: implications for preventive care]
Keywords:
Enfermagem, infecção hospitalar, psicologia social, prevenção primária [Nursing, hospital acquired infection, social psychology, primary prevention] [Enfermería, infección hospitalaria, psicología social, prevención primaria]Abstract
As infecções hospitalares apresentam-se como desafios para as autoridades governamentais, instituições e profissionais de saúde. O estudo qualitativo e exploratório objetivou: apreender as representações sociais das infecções hospitalares e analisar como elas influenciam as práticas das enfermeiras. O cenário do estudo foi um hospital público de ensino, em Teresina-PI, e os sujeitos foram 22 enfermeiras do referido hospital. Os dados foram produzidos através de entrevista semiestruturada e observação participante e processados pelo software Alceste 4.8 e resultou numa classificação hierárquica descendente em três classes semânticas: conhecimento frente à infecção hospitalar, práticas de prevenção da infecção hospitalar e relação da infecção hospitalar com a qualidade da assistência. Os resultados apontam o conhecimento das enfermeiras sobre o controle das infecções hospitalares, permeado de dificuldades e sentimentos de impotência diante das demandas do cotidiano do trabalho, com posicionamentos ora positivos, ora negativos sobre o enfrentamento de situações administrativas e técnicas, que nem sempre favorecem o controle das infecções hospitalares.
ABSTRACT
Hospital acquired infections come up as challenges for governmental authorities, institutions, and health professionals. This qualitative and exploratory study aimed both at assessing social representations of hospital acquired infections, and at analyzing how those representations affect nursing practices. The study was developed at a public teaching hospital, in Teresina, PI, Brazil, and the subjects were twenty-two nurses of that hospital. Data were collected from semistructured questionnaires and participant observation and were processed by Alceste 4.8 software. It resulted in a descending hierarchical classification of three semantic groups, namely, knowledge about hospital-acquired infection, prevention practices on hospital-acquired infection, and relation between hospital-acquired infections and quality of assistance. Results identify nurses’ knowledge about hospital infection control, charged with difficulties and feelings of powerlessness in face of daily demands, as well as their alternating stands and mixed feelings about coping with administrative and technical scenarios, which do not always favor the control of hospital infections.
RESUMEN
Las infecciones hospitalarias se presentan como desafíos para las autoridades gubernamentales, instituciones y profesionales de salud. El estudio cualitativo y exploratorio tuvo como objetivos: aprehender las representaciones sociales de lãs infecciones hospitalarias y analizar como ellas influencian las prácticas de las enfermeras. El escenario del estudio fue un hospital público de enseñanza en Teresina-PI-Brasil, y los sujetos fueron 22 enfermeras del referido hospital. Los datos fueron producidos a través de entrevista semiestructurada y observación participante y procesados por el software Alceste 4.8 que resultó en uma clasificación jerárquica descendiente en tres clases semánticas: conocimiento frente a la infección hospitalaria, prácticas de prevención de la infección hospitalaria y relación de la infección hospitalaria con la calidad de la asistencia. Los resultados muestran el conocimiento de las enfermeras sobre el control de la infección hospitalaria, lleno de dificultades y sentimientos de impotencia frente a las exigencias del trabajo diario, con ubicaciones a veces positivas, a veces negativas acerca de cómo lidiar con situaciones administrativas y técnicas que ni siempre favorecen el control de las infecciones hospitalarias.
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