Risco coronariano e fatores associados em hipertensos de uma unidade de saúde da família [Coronary risk and associated factors in hypertensive patients at a family health clinic]
Keywords:
Enfermagem, fatores de risco, grupos de risco, hipertensão [Nursing, risk factors, risk groups, hypertension] [Enfermería, factores de riesgo, grupos de riesgo, hipertensión]Abstract
O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o risco para desenvolvimento de evento coronariano agudo de acordo com os critérios de Framingham, em hipertensos de uma unidade de saúde da família de Vitória, ES. A pesquisa ocorreu no período de julho de 2008 a dezembro de 2009. Estudo observacional, transversal com 330 hipertensos. As variáveis compreenderam risco coronariano, sexo, idade, tabagismo, colesterol total, HDL, diabetes e pressão arterial. Foram utilizados nível de significância 5%, teste qui-quadrado e regressão logística. São resultados: 34,8% dos sujeitos apresentaram baixo risco de infarto ou morte por doença coronariana nos próximos 10 anos; 20,4% médio risco e 44,8% alto risco. Contribuíram para o risco coronariano elevado: tabagismo (OR=1,98; IC 95%: 0,99-3,94; p=0,051), idade (OR=1,04; IC 95%: 1,02-1,06; p=0,000), pressão arterial sistólica (OR=1,02; IC 95%:1,01-1,03; p=0,000) e HDL (OR=0,96; IC 95%: 0,94-0,98; p=0,000). Concluiu-se que ser diabético, idoso, fumar, apresentar pressão sistólica elevada e HDL diminuído eleva o risco de infarto ou morte por doença coronariana nos próximos 10 anos.
ABSTRACT
This observational, cross-sectional study evaluated the risk of acute coronary event by Framingham criteria in 330 hypertensives at a family health clinic in Vitoria, Espírito Santo State, from July 2008 to December 2009. The variables were coronary risk, sex, age, smoking, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, diabetes mellitus and blood pressure. A 5% significance level, chi-square test and logistic regression were used. Results showed 34.8% of participants showed low risk, 20.4% medium risk, and 44.8% high risk of heart attack or death from coronary disease in the next 10 years. Contributing to high coronary risk were: smoking (OR = 1.98; 95% CI: 0.99-3.94; p=0.051), age (OR = 1.04; 95% CI: 1.02-1.06; p=0.000), systolic blood pressure (OR = 1.02; 95% CI: 1.01-1.03; p=0.000) and HDL (OR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.94-0.98; p=0.000). It was concluded that diabetic older adults who smoke, have high systolic pressure and decreased HDL are at increased risk of heart attack or death from coronary heart disease over the next 10 years.
RESUMEN
Se evaluó el riesgo de desarrollar eventos coronarios agudos en función de criterios de Framingham, en pacientes hipertensos de una Unidad de Salud de la Familia en Vitoria, ES-Brasil. La investigación acaeció de julio de 2008 a diciembre de 2009. Estudio observacional, transversal con 330 pacientes con hipertensión. Las variables de riesgo coronario fueron: sexo, edad, tabaquismo, colesterol total, HDL, diabetes y presión arterial. Se utilizó el nivel de significancia de 5%, prueba de cui-cuadrado y regresión logística. Son resultados: 34,8% sujetos tenían bajo riesgo de infarto o muerte por enfermedad coronaria en los próximos 10 años; 20,4% riesgo medio y 44,8% alto riesgo. Contribuyeron al alto riesgo coronario: tabaquismo (OR = 1,98; IC del 95%: 0,99 a 3,94; p=0,051), edad (OR = 1,04; IC del 95% 1,02-1,06, p=0,000), presión arterial sistólica (OR = 1.02, IC del 95%: 1,01 a 1,03, p=0,000) y HDL (OR = 0,96; IC del 95%: 0,94 a 0,98; p=0,000). Se concluyó que ser diabético, anciano, fumar, presentar presión sistólica alta y HDL disminuido aumenta el riesgo de infarto o muerte por enfermedad coronaria en los próximos 10 años.
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