O trabalho do acadêmico de enfermagem no hospital geral: riscos psicossociais [Undergraduate work in nursing at a general hospital: psychosocial risks] [El trabajo del académico de enfermería en el hospital general: riesgos psicosociales]
Keywords:
Enfermagem, controle de riscos, estresse ocupacional, estudantes [Nursing, risk control, occupational stress, students] [Enfermería, control de riesgos, estrés laboral, estudiantes]Abstract
Objetivou-se neste estudo identificar os riscos psicossociais presentes no hospital geral na visão de acadêmicos de enfermagem e analisar como esses riscos afetam a saúde do grupo. Pesquisa quantitativa, exploratória, descritiva cujos dados foram coletados mediante um questionário autoaplicado contendo questões sobre os riscos psicossociais, avaliação da saúde do grupo e redes de apoio. Participaram do estudo 37 acadêmicos de uma universidade publica situada no município do Rio de Janeiro, em 2009. Os riscos psicossociais apontados pelo grupo em seu conjunto acarretam estresse ocupacional e encontram-se atrelados ao processo de formação e à pouca familiaridade do acadêmico com o processo de trabalho na área hospitalar. No enfrentamento do estresse no ambiente laboral, o acadêmico recorre ao suporte dos colegas, professores e supervisores. Concluiu-se pela necessidade de diagnosticar e monitorar os riscos psicossociais presentes no ambiente hospitalar e fortalecer os fatores protetores de modo a minimizar o estresse ocupacional no grupo.
ABSTRACT: This study aimed both at identifying psychosocial risks at a general hospital under the nursing undergraduate students’ view, and at analyzing how psychosocial risks affect the health of that group. An exploratory quantitative and descriptive piece of research. Data were collected through closed questionnaires on psychosocial risks, group health assessment, and support net. The study was conducted in 2009 with the participation of thirty-seven undergraduate students from a state-owned university in Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. The psychosocial risks identified by that group cause occupational stress and are linked to the learning process as well as to the undergraduate student’s low familiarity with the work process in the hospital area. To cope with the stress in the work environment the undergraduate student addresses colleagues, and looks up professors and advisors for help. Conclusions show that it is necessary to diagnose and monitor psychosocial risks at hospital environment as well as strengthen protection factors to minimize group occupational stress.
RESUMEN: Se objetivó en este estudio identificar los riesgos psicosociales presentes en el hospital general en la visión de académicos de enfermería y analizar como los riesgos psicosociales influyen en la salud del grupo. Investigación cuantitativa, exploratoria, descriptiva cuyos datos fueron recolectados mediante un cuestionario autoaplicado conteniendo cuestiones sobre los riesgos psicosociales, evaluación de la salud del grupo y redes de apoyo. Participaron del estudio 37 académicos de una facultad pública del municipio de Rio de Janeiro – Brasil, en 2009. Los riesgos psicosociales apuntados por el grupo en su conjunto provocan estrés laboral y están ligados al proceso de formación y a la poca familiaridad del académico con el proceso de trabajo en el ámbito hospitalario. En el enfrentamiento del estrés en el ambiente laboral, el académico busca el soporte de los colegas, profesores y supervisores. Se concluyó por la necesidad de diagnosticar y monitorizar los riesgos psicosociales presentes en el ambiente hospitalario y fortalecer los factores de protección de modo a minimizar el estrés ocupacional en el grupo.
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