Relacionamentos familiares de pessoas com transtornos mentais: processos de exclusão e inclusão social [Family relationships of people with mental health problems: processes of social exclusion and inclusion] [Relaciones familiares de personas con trastornos mentales: procesos de exclusión e inclusión social]
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12957/reuerj.2019.26923Keywords:
Saúde mental, relações familiares, relações interpessoais, participação socialAbstract
Objetivo: identificar e analisar os processos de exclusão e inclusão social que acontecem na família da pessoa com transtorno mental. Método: utilizou-se a abordagem qualitativa como metodologia de pesquisa. Os sujeitos desta investigação foram 17 usuários de um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial, da cidade de São Paulo, e 12 pessoas de sua rede social. Para a coleta de dados foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas e, para apuração dos dados, foi utilizada a análise do discurso. Resultados: identificou-se que a exclusão social dos usuários na família pode ocorrer pela ruptura e distanciamento ou de uma maneira mais sutil. Porém, na medida em que os usuários são valorizados e encontraram um papel na família, se estabelecem relações de troca e de ajuda mútua. Conclusão: Os relacionamentos se constroem em um processo dialético, passando por conflitos e situações de reciprocidade.
ABSTRACT
Objective: to identify and to analyze the processes of social exclusion and inclusion that happen in the family of the person with mental disorder. Method: qualitative approach was used as a research methodology. Subjects of this investigation were 17 users of a Psychosocial Care Center, in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, in addition to 12 people from their social networks. For data collection, semi-structured interviews were realizes and, for data analysis, it was the discourse analysis technique. Results: Social exclusion of users of a Psychosocial Care Center in the family can occur due to social disruption and distance, or in a more subtle way. However, to the extent that users are valued and find a role in the family, relationships of exchange and mutual help are established. Conclusion: Relationships are developed in a dialectical process, going through conflicts and situations of reciprocity, with the family being the main social inclusion network of these people.
RESUMEN
Objetivo: identificar y analizar los procesos de exclusión e inclusión social que ocurren en la familia de la persona con trastorno mental. Método: se utilizó el enfoque cualitativo como metodología de investigación. Las personas de esta investigación fueron 17 usuarios de un Centro de Atención Psicosocial, en la ciudad de São Paulo, Brasil, además de 12 personas de sus redes sociales. Para la recopilación de datos, se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas y, para el análisis de datos, fue la técnica de análisis del discurso. Resultados: La exclusión social de los usuarios de un Centro de Atención Psicosocial en la familia puede ocurrir debido a la interrupción social y la distancia, o de una manera más sutil. Sin embargo, en la medida en que los usuarios sean valorados y encuentren un papel en la familia, se establecen relaciones de intercambio y ayuda mutua. Conclusión: Las relaciones se desarrollan en un proceso dialéctico, pasando por conflictos y situaciones de reciprocidad, siendo la familia la principal red de inclusión social de estas personas.
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