Food consumption pattern and health risk factors in Brazilian population from 2008 to 2017
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12957/demetra.2021.53260Keywords:
Eating. Obesity. Noncommunicable diseases. Public health. Food and Nutrition Security.Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to analyze the changes in food consumption patterns and indicators regarding health risk factors in the Brazilian population. Method: The study analyzed data obtained from VIGITEL surveys in years 2008, 2011, 2014 and 2017. The study selected variables related to eating habits and health perception indicators, in addition to weight and height, to calculate the BMI (Body Mass Index), as well as age and years of schooling of respondents. Data were analyzed using frequency tables and specific statistical procedures as the Student's t test, Pearson's correlation and the linear regression slope. Results: The results suggest that the average BMI of the Brazilian population is increasing, reaching an average value of 26.32 in 2017. It is also observed that Brazilians evaluate their health as good, although the prevalence of diagnoses of high blood pressure, diabetes and dyslipidemia has increased considerably in recent years. Individuals diagnosed with high blood pressure, diabetes or dyslipidemia have a significantly lower frequency of consumption of beans, vegetables, soft drinks, and alcohol; and a significantly higher frequency of fruits consumption. The results also revealed that the number of years of schooling is positively and significantly associated with the frequency of consumption of vegetables, fruits, alcohol, and the habit of replacing dinner for snacks. Conclusion: Although nutritional habits of Brazilians have improved, the increased number of diagnoses of non-communicable diseases is worrying and requires the proper design of public healthcare policies.
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