The financial impact of food expenditures on Brazilian household budgetsby income and geographic location
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12957/demetra.2026.91200Keywords:
Cost Analysis. Diet. Population Survey. Socioeconomic Factors.Abstract
Introdução: O impacto do gasto coma aquisição de alimentosno orçamento domiciliar varia conforme o contexto socioeconômico, e o custo dos alimentos é central na escolha alimentar. Objetivo: Analisar a aquisição, a participação e o custo de alimentos no orçamento familiar entre domicílios brasileiros, considerando renda e localidade geográfica. Método: Estudo ecológico original utilizando dados da Pesquisa de Orçamento Familiar 2017/18. Os alimentos foram classificados segundo a NOVA e a energia total fornecida foi calculada pela Tabela Brasileira de Composição de Alimentos (TBCA). A quantidade energética adquirida (Kcal/dia per capita) e os custos (R$/dia per capita) foram estabelecidos por valores per capita e diário nos estratos. O impacto do custo da dieta no orçamento (%) foi calculado multiplicando os custos diários por 30 (dias no mês). Resultados: O tercil de menor renda e o estrato rural destinaram maior parcela do orçamento à alimentação. Embora a dieta fosse majoritariamente composta por alimentos in natura e minimamente processados, as frutas e hortaliças tiveram pouca participação. Já os ultraprocessados foram mais adquiridos pelo tercil de maior renda. Discussão: O alto comprometimento orçamentário no 1º tercil e na zona rural evidencia o custo dos alimentos como uma barreira estrutural e revela uma profunda iniquidade do sistema alimentar. Conclusão: Para garantir a saúde da população, é imprescindível que a alimentação saudável se torne mais justa e acessível. Portanto, são essenciais políticas públicas que incentivem o consumo de frutas e hortaliças e desestimulem o consumo de ultraprocessados.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Laura de Castro Nassif, Thaís Cristina Marquezine Caldeira, Bruna Barbosa Furtado, Rafael Moreira Claro
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