Condições desiguais como causas para a interrupção do aleitamento materno [Unequal conditions as causes breastfeeding discontinuation]
Keywords:
Aleitamento materno, desmame, justiça, desigualdade social [Breastfeeding, weaning, justice, social inequality] [Lactancia materna, destete, justicia, desigualdad social]Abstract
A amamentação é uma prática humana, social e feminina que atravessa os séculos e é de abrangência universal. Diversos estudos têm sido produzidos no sentido de buscar compreender as razões para a interrupção da amamentação e a consequente introdução da fórmula láctea. O estudo buscou identificar entre as causas da interrupção da amamentação descritas na literatura cientifica as que estão relacionadas às condições injustas e desiguais de sobrevivência na sociedade. Para isso, realizou-se a revisão sistemática em periódicos indexados nas bases eletrônicas Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO) e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) optando por um recorte temporal de 10 anos (2002 a 2011), a partir dos seguintes descritores: aleitamento materno, amamentação e desmame. Como resultado, foram selecionados 37 artigos que descreveram 47 fatores para o desmame. Destes, 30 estão relacionadas à injustiça social, entretanto, não se verifica a correlação, sendo considerado por alguns autores apenas como condições desfavoráveis à amamentação.
ABSTRACT
Breastfeeding is a human, social, and feminine worldwide practice that spans the centuries. Many studies have been made to understand the reasons for breastfeeding discontinuation and the consequent introduction of milk formula. This research aimed at identifying the causes for breastfeeding discontinuation related to unfair and unequal survival conditions in human society, as described in scientific literature. To that end, a systematic review was made in the indexed journals on the electronic databases of the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) and Virtual Health Library (VHL), within a time frame of 10 years (2002-2011) and on the basis of the following descriptors: maternal breastfeeding, breastfeeding, and weaning. As a result, 37 articles selected described 47 factors for weaning. Out of them, 30 were related to social injustice; however, that correlation was not identified and it is explained by scholars just as unfavorable conditions for breastfeeding.
RESUMEN
La lactancia materna es una práctica humana, social y femenina que perpasa los siglos y es de la cobertura universal. Varios estudios se han producido al tratar de comprender las razones de la interrupción de la lactancia materna y la consiguiente introducción de la fórmula de leche. El estudio trató de identificar, entre las causas del cesar de la lactancia materna descriptas en la literatura científica, las que están relacionadas con las condiciones injustas y desiguales para la supervivencia de la sociedad. Para eso, se realizó una revisión sistemática en revistas indexadas em las bases de datos electrónicas Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO ) y la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud ( BVS) considerando un marco de tiempo de 10 años ( 2002-2011) a partir de los siguientes descriptores: la lactancia materna materna, la lactancia y el destete. Como resultado, se seleccionaron 37 artículos que describen 47 factores para el destete. De ellos, 30 están relacionados con la injusticia social; sin embargo, no hay una correlación, considerada por algunos autores sólo como condiciones desfavorables para la lactancia materna.
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