DIREITO PENAL AMBIENTAL, PROGRESSO E CATÁSTROFE: A RESPONSABILIZAÇÃO CRIMINAL DA PESSOA JURÍDICA SOB O PRISMA DO SISTEMA AXIOLÓGICO NO ORDENAMENTO BRASILEIRO / ENVIRONMENTAL CRIMINAL LAW, PROGRESS AND CATASTROPHE: THE CRIMINAL LIABILITY OF LEGAL ENTITIES UNDER THE PRISM OF THE AXIOLOGICAL SYSTEM IN THE BRAZILIAN LEGAL SYSTEM
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12957/rfd.2023.66437Keywords:
Responsabilidade Penal Ambiental da Pessoa Jurídica. Princípio da intervenção mínima. Princípio da culpabilidade.Abstract
Resumo: Na conjuntura de destruição acelerada da natureza, o anseio de tolher práticas degradantes ao meio ambiente tem conduzido à demanda por ampliação da esfera de proteção do direito penal, a fim de punir as pessoas jurídicas que atuam ilicitamente. À vista disso, no presente texto, verifica-se se estaria a responsabilização penal da pessoa jurídica em consonância com a sistemática do ordenamento jurídico pátrio e sua matriz principiológica-constitucional. Por hipótese, tem-se por inadequada a responsabilidade penal de tal ente abstrato, mostrando-se relevante explorar a efetividade das sanções civis e administrativas como alternativa à tutela daquele bem. Com o método hermenêutico-fenomenológico, trabalhou-se a partir das noções de ideologia do progresso e catástrofe em Walter Benjamin. Em termos de conclusão, a responsabilização penal da pessoa jurídica aparece como algo incompatível com os axiomas penais-constitucionais, não se apresentando como o melhor caminho para conter a máquina de comer mundo do capitalismo neoliberal.
Palavras-chave: Responsabilidade Penal Ambiental da Pessoa Jurídica. Princípio da intervenção mínima. Princípio da culpabilidade.
Abstract: In the context of accelerated destruction of nature, the desire to curb degrading practices to the environment has led to the demand for expansion of the sphere of protection of criminal law in order to punish legal entities that act illicitly. In view of this, the present text verifies whether the criminal liability of legal entities would be in consonance with the systematics of the Brazilian legal system and its constitutional-principles matrix. By hypothesis, the criminal liability of such an abstract entity is considered inadequate, and it is relevant to explore the effectiveness of civil and administrative sanctions as an alternative to the protection of that good. The hermeneutic-phenomenological method is based on Walter Benjamin's notions of ideology of progress and catastrophe. In conclusion, the criminal liability of the legal entity appears as something incompatible with the penal-constitutional axioms, not presenting itself as the best way to contain the world-eating machine of neoliberal capitalism.
Keywords: Environmental Penal Responsibility of Legal Entities. Principle of minimal intervention. Principle of culpability.
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